{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T06:25:07Z","timestamp":1787034307779,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Artif. Intell."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Organizations adopting artificial intelligence (AI) must account for employees' attitudes toward AI in different workplace roles. This study examines whether familiarity with advanced digital technologies is associated with openness to AI as a supervisor or as a colleague\/subordinate in Japan. We analyze a three-wave balanced panel of continuously employed respondents using hierarchical Bayesian panel models. The focal measure is the Advanced Digital Technology Familiarity Index (ADTFI), based on self-reported familiarity with six technologies; the outcome is stated openness to hypothetical AI role arrangements rather than realized adoption. Higher ADTFI is positively but modestly associated with workplace AI role openness. A covariate-adjusted coefficient decomposition shows that computing capability and workplace technology exposure have positive ADTFI-related components, while workplace technology exposure has an imprecisely estimated negative conditional component and a combined component whose interval includes zero. Role-specific ordered-probit models yield a negative TechAdop coefficient with an interval excluding zero for the AI-supervisor item, whereas the corresponding colleague\/subordinate estimate is near zero and imprecise; this descriptive contrast is not a formal cross-role coefficient test. A lagged model retains a small positive association between prior ADTFI and subsequent openness after prior openness is controlled. The results mainly reflect stable between-person differences and are conditional on continuously employed panel respondents. They should therefore be interpreted as descriptive association patterns, not causal effects of training or AI implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2026.1920376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:36:22Z","timestamp":1787031382000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Attitudinal openness to AI as supervisor or colleague\/subordinate in Japan: the role of advanced digital technology familiarity"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Makoto","family":"Nakakita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Intelligence Project","place":["RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Hoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Intelligence Project","place":["RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan"]},{"name":"Faculty of Economics, Keio University","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-024-04044-8","article-title":"Trust in ai: progress, challenges, and future directions","volume":"11","author":"Afroogh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Human. Soc. Sci. Commun"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1177\/0022243719851788","article-title":"Task-dependent algorithm aversion","volume":"56","author":"Castelo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Market. Res"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2307\/249008","article-title":"Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology","volume":"13","author":"Davis","year":"1989","journal-title":"MIS Quart"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000033","article-title":"Algorithm aversion: people erroneously avoid algorithms after seeing them err","volume":"144","author":"Dietvorst","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol.: Gen"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v7i4.942","article-title":"Second-level digital divide: differences in people's online skills","author":"Hargittai","year":"2002","journal-title":"First Monday"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2018.03.007","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and the future of work: human-AI symbiosis in organizational decision making","volume":"61","author":"Jarrahi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bus. Horiz"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obhdp.2018.12.005","article-title":"Algorithm appreciation: people prefer algorithmic to human judgment","volume":"151","author":"Logg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1093\/jcr\/ucz013","article-title":"Resistance to medical artificial intelligence","volume":"46","author":"Longoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Consum. Res"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1214\/12-BA730","article-title":"On the half-cauchy prior for a global scale parameter","volume":"7","author":"Polson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bayesian Anal"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2018.0072","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and management: the automation-augmentation paradox","volume":"46","author":"Raisch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2015.1012532","article-title":"Digital inequalities and why they matter","volume":"18","author":"Robinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inform. Commun. Soc"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2017.07.007","article-title":"Determinants of internet skills, uses and outcomes. A systematic review of the second- and third-level digital divide","volume":"34","author":"Scheerder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Telemat. Inform"},{"key":"B13","volume-title":"The Deepening Divide: Inequality in the Information Society","author":"van Dijk","year":"2005"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2307\/30036540","article-title":"User acceptance of information technology: toward a unified view","volume":"27","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2003","journal-title":"MIS Quart"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1198\/jcgs.2011.203main","article-title":"To center or not to center: that is not the question -an ancillarity-sufficiency interweaving strategy (asis) for boosting mcmc efficiency","volume":"20","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Comput. Graph. Stat"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frai.2026.1920376\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:36:23Z","timestamp":1787031383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frai.2026.1920376\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frai.2026.1920376"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frai.2026.1920376","relation":{},"ISSN":["2624-8212"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2624-8212","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"article-number":"1920376"}}