{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:46:49Z","timestamp":1790790409284,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"Research aim<\/jats:title>The aim of this study is to focus on the main neurophysiological aspects of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the current pharmacological treatment used for the management of hyperactivity and attention deficits in children aged 6-20 years with a diagnosis of ASD, not associated with other genetic or epileptic disorders, such as Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), Tuberous Sclerosis, Kleefstra Syndrome or Angelman Syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>This mini review was conducted according to the P<\/jats:italic>.I.C.O. model and according to the PRISMA guidelines. The keywords used were: autism spectrum disorder<\/jats:italic>; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder<\/jats:italic>; attention deficit disorder<\/jats:italic>; methylphenidate<\/jats:italic>; ritalin<\/jats:italic>; ADHD<\/jats:italic>; youth autism<\/jats:italic>; childhood autism<\/jats:italic>; childhood autism spectrum disorder<\/jats:italic>; adolescent autism<\/jats:italic>. The strings produced were compared and selected by a third independent clinician. The PubMed and PsycArticles search yielded a total of 3,200 articles. For their inclusion, the 3,200 articles were examined by two clinicians who ultimately selected 28 (15 clinical trials and 13 reviews\/meta-analyses) articles analysed according to their consistency with the inclusion and exclusion criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Three main aspects emerged from the review: (1) According to the existing literature, new randomized controlled trials are needed to ensure a better understanding of the most effective drug treatments for dual-diagnosed ASD-ADHD patients and of the related behavioural effects. Currently, the use of drugs varies depending on psychiatric comorbidity, symptoms, age and gender and there is no univocal reference therapy; (2) Methylphenidate (MPH) has currently been shown to be the most suitable drug for the treatment of hyperactivity and inattention in individuals diagnosed with ASD and ADHD; (3) There is a need to create and evaluate appropriate tests to analyse more specific patterns of behaviour presented in the two conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/frcha.2023.1052115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T05:45:26Z","timestamp":1679031926000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Observing the behavioural effects of methylphenidate in children and adolescents with ASD-ADHD dual diagnosis: A mini review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Danilo","family":"Dimitri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliana","family":"Delia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Arduino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazarena","family":"Turco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Fioretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.12.23","article-title":"Psychostimulants for ADHD-like symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"12","author":"Cortese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6904a1","article-title":"Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years\u2014autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2016","volume":"69","author":"Maenner","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082566","article-title":"Methylphenidate in autism Spectrum disorder: a long-term follow up naturalistic study","volume":"9","author":"Ventura","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children aged 5\u201317 years in the United States, 1998\u20132009","volume":"70","author":"Akinbami","year":"2011","journal-title":"NCHS data Brief"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"58","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)","year":"2013"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3083-7","article-title":"A causal and mediation analysis of the comorbidity between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD)","volume":"47","author":"Sokolova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02569.x","article-title":"Randomized controlled double-blind trial of optimal dose methylphenidate in children and adolescents with severe attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and intellectual disability","volume":"54","author":"Simonoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02179289","article-title":"Use of methylphenidate in the treatment of children with autistic disorder","volume":"25","author":"Quintana","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"B9","first-page":"55","article-title":"How do primary care physicians seek answers to clinical questions? 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