{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:04:59Z","timestamp":1789538699635,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Caregiver engagement in behavioral parent training (BPT) interventions can have a significant impact on treatment outcomes and retention. Yet, low-income families of color often experience low rates of engagement in treatment due to structural and sociocultural barriers. BPT models partnering with community health workers (CHWs) have shown promise in addressing these barriers and increasing treatment engagement. The current study examines the engagement strategies utilized by CHWs when providing support to families receiving Parent\u2013Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT\u2009+\u2009CHW) by identifying common CHW engagement strategies utilized in treatment (e.g., active listening, psychoeducation) and how they influence components of engagement (e.g., alliance, attendance).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among families receiving a telehealth delivered PCIT\u2009+\u2009CHW model (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200926), two recorded sessions (i.e., first session and a second randomly selected session throughout treatment) per family were coded for engagement strategy delivery. Families included primarily Latino children (96%) and their primary caregivers. Data about caregiver perceived therapeutic alliance, treatment attendance, homework completion, and PCIT skill acquisition were collected.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings suggest that, on average, CHWs utilized total strategies (i.e., sum of all strategies) and alliance-based strategies (i.e., active listening, conveying partnership, and positive regard) to a moderate extent. Alliance strategies delivered during the first session were associated with caregiver-perceived therapeutic alliance, caregiver-perceived effectiveness of the tasks guiding treatment, and caregiver homework completion in the first phase of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings indicate CHWs use a range of engagement strategies, and early use of alliance-based strategies influence multiple components of engagement. Implications for training and involving CHWs in children's mental health services are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/frcha.2026.1856265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:32:50Z","timestamp":1789536770000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modification of an observational tool to evaluate how community health workers engage low-income latino parents in parent\u2013child interaction therapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Hanan N.","family":"Salem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Counseling, Clinical, & School Psychology, University of California","place":["Santa Barbara, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Counseling, Clinical, & School Psychology, University of California","place":["Santa Barbara, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Ison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Counseling, Clinical, & School Psychology, University of California","place":["Santa Barbara, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dainelys","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailman Center for Child Development, University of Miami","place":["Miami, FL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason F.","family":"Jent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailman Center for Child Development, University of Miami","place":["Miami, FL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen M.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailman Center for Child Development, University of Miami","place":["Miami, FL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betty","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ConnectFamilias","place":["Miami, FL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Andrew","family":"Rothenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailman Center for Child Development, University of Miami","place":["Miami, FL, United States"]},{"name":"Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University","place":["Durham, NC, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailman Center for Child Development, University of Miami","place":["Miami, FL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailman Center for Child Development, University of Miami","place":["Miami, FL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanet M.","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ConnectFamilias","place":["Miami, FL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian M.","family":"Orbano-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ConnectFamilias","place":["Miami, FL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Rincon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ConnectFamilias","place":["Miami, FL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miya L.","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Counseling, Clinical, & School Psychology, University of California","place":["Santa Barbara, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.2005.12086287","article-title":"Behavioral parent training as a treatment for externalizing behaviors and disruptive behavior disorders: a meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Maughan","year":"2005","journal-title":"School Psych Rev"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2005.07.004","article-title":"A meta-analysis of parent training: moderators and follow-up effects","volume":"26","author":"Lundahl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-02122-3","article-title":"Does behavioural parent training reduce internalising symptoms (or not) among children with externalising problems? Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Bloss","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101954","article-title":"Cognitive behavior therapy for externalizing disorders in children and adolescents in routine clinical care: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"83","author":"Riise","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-016-0205-2","article-title":"Engagement in behavioral parent training: review of the literature and implications for practice","volume":"19","author":"Chacko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2021.09.420","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic disparity trends in children\u2019s mental health care access and expenditures from 2010\u22122017: disparities remain despite sweeping policy reform","volume":"61","author":"Rodgers","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2010.07.001","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in pediatric mental health","volume":"19","author":"Alegria","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s11414-011-9261-z","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in the continuation of community-based children\u2019s mental health services","volume":"39","author":"Aratani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Behav Health Serv Res"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-010-0187-0","article-title":"Enrollment and attendance in a parent training prevention program for conduct problems","volume":"12","author":"Baker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2015.11.007","article-title":"Outcomes of parent\u2013child interaction therapy in an urban community clinic: a comparison of treatment completers and dropouts","volume":"60","author":"Danko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-008-9281-1","article-title":"Predicting treatment and follow-up attrition in parent\u2013child interaction therapy","volume":"37","author":"Fernandez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s10566-016-9356-z","article-title":"Using observational assessment to help identify factors associated with parent participation engagement in community based child mental health services","volume":"45","author":"Stadnick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Youth Care Forum"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023286210205","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in parental endorsement of barriers to mental health services for youth","volume":"5","author":"Yeh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ment Health Serv Res"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038701","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in parent-reported barriers to accessing children\u2019s health services","volume":"12","author":"Young","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Serv"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1037\/pst0000317","article-title":"Causes and consequences of burnout among mental health professionals: a practice-oriented review of recent empirical literature","volume":"57","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychotherapy (Chic)"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-3204.45.2.247","article-title":"Early withdrawal from mental health treatment: implications for psychotherapy practice","volume":"45","author":"Barrett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychotherapy (Chic)"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-014-9928-z","article-title":"Why wait? The effect of wait-times on subsequent help-seeking among families looking for children\u2019s mental health services","volume":"43","author":"Schraeder","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-015-0182-x","article-title":"A review of parent participation engagement in child and family mental health treatment","volume":"18","author":"Haine-Schlagel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410903532585","article-title":"The effects of parent participation on child psychotherapy outcome: a meta-analytic review","volume":"39","author":"Dowell","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-021-01303-x","article-title":"Caregiver participation engagement in child mental health prevention programs: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Haine-Schlagel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-013-0163-x","article-title":"Identifying the common elements of treatment engagement interventions in children\u2019s mental health services","volume":"17","author":"Lindsey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2017.1326121","article-title":"Forty years of engagement research in children\u2019s mental health services: multidimensional measurement and practice elements","volume":"47","author":"Becker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-006-9077-2","article-title":"Treatment engagement with caregivers of at-risk children: gaps in research and conceptualization","volume":"16","author":"Staudt","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000711","article-title":"Dimensions of treatment engagement among youth and caregivers: structural validity of the REACH framework","volume":"90","author":"Chorpita","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2023.2169926","article-title":"Future directions in youth and family treatment engagement: finishing the bridge between science and service","volume":"52","author":"Becker","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027098","article-title":"Exploring the effect of therapists\u2019 treatment practices on client attendance in community-based care for children","volume":"9","author":"Garland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Serv"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-018-1030-7","article-title":"Observational assessment of engagement strategies to promote parent homework planning in community-based child mental health treatment: a pilot study","volume":"27","author":"Martinez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2013.814543","article-title":"The common elements of engagement in children\u2019s mental health services: which elements for which outcomes?","volume":"44","author":"Becker","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1108\/JCS-12-2016-0022","article-title":"Examining ethnic disparities in provider and parent in-session participation engagement","volume":"12","author":"Dickson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Child Serv"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00179","article-title":"Cultural diversity and mental health: considerations for policy and practice","volume":"6","author":"Gopalkrishnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050817-084825","article-title":"Lay health worker involvement in evidence-based treatment delivery: a conceptual model to address disparities in care","volume":"14","author":"Barnett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2014.02.010","article-title":"Exploring the role of natural helpers in efforts to address disparities for children with conduct problems","volume":"40","author":"Acevedo-Polakovich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12274","article-title":"Community health workers and social proximity: implementation of a parenting program in urban poverty","volume":"62","author":"Gustafson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Community Psychol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-017-0815-0","article-title":"Mobilizing community health workers to address mental health disparities for underserved populations: a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Barnett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health"},{"key":"B35","year":"2023"},{"key":"B36","year":"2020"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2021.1969655","article-title":"Future directions in lay health worker involvement in children\u2019s mental health services in the US","volume":"50","author":"Barnett","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-021-01124-8","article-title":"Engaging parents in mental health services: a qualitative study of community health workers\u2019 strategies in high poverty urban communities","volume":"48","author":"Gustafson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/23794925.2021.1993111","article-title":"How do lay health workers engage caregivers? A qualitative study to enhance equity in evidence-based parenting programs","volume":"8","author":"Barnett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Evid Based Pract Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"key":"B40","volume-title":"Parent\u2013Child Interaction Therapy Protocol 2011","author":"Eyberg","year":"2011"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-03213-5_14","article-title":"PCIT: summary of 40 years of research","volume-title":"Handbook of Parent\u2013Child Interaction Therapy for Children on the Autism Spectrum","author":"Brabson","year":"2018"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000230","article-title":"Remotely delivering real-time parent training to the home: an initial randomized trial of internet-delivered parent\u2013child interaction therapy (I-PCIT)","volume":"85","author":"Comer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S82","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000863","article-title":"Leveraging parent\u2013child interaction therapy and telehealth capacities to address the unique needs of young children during the COVID-19 public health crisis","volume":"12","author":"Gurwitch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2022.106370","article-title":"A preliminary analysis of parent\u2013child interaction therapy plus natural helper support to increase treatment access and engagement for low-income families of color","volume":"134","author":"Davis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2022.2148255","article-title":"A natural helper intervention to address disparities in parent child-interaction therapy: a randomized pilot study","volume":"52","author":"Garcia","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445504272977","article-title":"Predicting outcome in parent\u2013child interaction therapy: success and attrition","volume":"30","author":"Werba","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav Modif"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-021-01211-0","article-title":"Rapid, full-scale change to virtual PCIT during the COVID-19 pandemic: implementation and clinical implications","volume":"22","author":"Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)-a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"B49","author":"Haine-Schlagel","year":"2014"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/00220970009600096","article-title":"Using rating augmentation to expand the scale of an analytic rubric","volume":"68","author":"Penny","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Educ"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","article-title":"A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research","volume":"15","author":"Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.4.284","article-title":"Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology","volume":"6","author":"Cicchetti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2012.4.2.149","article-title":"Pitfalls and important issues in testing reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients in orthopaedic research","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19312458.2020.1718629","article-title":"Use omega rather than Cronbach\u2019s alpha for estimating reliability. But\u2026","volume":"14","author":"Hayes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun Meth Meas"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1080\/10503300500352500","article-title":"Development and validation of a revised short version of the Working Alliance Inventory","volume":"16","author":"Hatcher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychother Res"},{"key":"B56","first-page":"298","article-title":"Caracter\u00edsticas psicom\u00e9tricas de la versi\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola del working alliance inventory-short (WAI-S)","volume":"27","author":"Corbella","year":"2011","journal-title":"An Psicol"},{"key":"B57","volume-title":"Dyadic Parent\u2013Child Interaction Coding System (DPICS) Clinical Manual","author":"Eyberg","year":"2014"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000091","article-title":"Measurement error and outcome distributions: methodological issues in regression analyses of behavioral coding data","volume":"29","author":"Holsclaw","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"key":"B59","first-page":"172","article-title":"New frontiers in work and family research","volume-title":"Using Direct Observational Methods to Study the Real Lives of Families: Advantages, Complexities, and Conceptual and Practical Considerations","author":"Repetti","year":"2013"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/23794925.2019.1565500","article-title":"In-session caregiver behaviors during evidence-based intervention delivery for children with ASD in community mental health services","volume":"4","author":"Guan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evid Based Pract Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/23794925.2018.1455545","article-title":"Community therapist reports of client engagement challenges during the implementation of multiple ebps in children\u2019s mental health","volume":"3","author":"Lau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid Based Pract Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2021.1955366","article-title":"Observed engagement in community implemented evidence-based practices for children and adolescents: implications for practice delivery","volume":"52","author":"Wright","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1037\/pst0000172","article-title":"The alliance in adult psychotherapy: a meta-analytic synthesis","volume":"55","author":"Fl\u00fcckiger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychotherapy (Chic)"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.551","article-title":"What sources contribute to variance in observer ratings? Using generalizability theory to assess construct validity of psychological measures","volume":"17","author":"Lakes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infant Child Dev"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-88639-8","volume-title":"Parent\u2013Child Interaction Therapy","author":"McNeil","year":"2010"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1300\/J019v20n04_03","article-title":"Importance of therapist use of social reinforcement with parents as a model for parent\u2013child relationships: an example with parent\u2013child interaction therapy","volume":"20","author":"Borrego","year":"1998","journal-title":"Child Fam Behav Ther"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2015.1063428","article-title":"Successful therapist\u2013parent coaching: how in vivo feedback relates to parent engagement in parent\u2013child interaction therapy","volume":"46","author":"Barnett","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016963","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1016963","article-title":"The first session is the one that counts: an exploratory study of therapeutic alliance","volume":"13","author":"Del R\u00edo Olvera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"B69","unstructured":"269\n          \n            \n              Macewan\n              GH\n            \n          \n          10.7275\/825619\n          University of Massachusetts, Amherst\n          The efforts of therapists in the first session to establish a therapeutic alliance\n          \n          2008"},{"key":"B70","volume-title":"Psychometric Methods: Theory into Practice (Methodology in the Social Sciences Series)","author":"Price","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frcha.2026.1856265\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:32:55Z","timestamp":1789536775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frcha.2026.1856265\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frcha.2026.1856265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frcha.2026.1856265","relation":{},"ISSN":["2813-4540"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2813-4540","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"article-number":"1856265"}}