{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T18:06:12Z","timestamp":1771956372152,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Dement."],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) captures later-life onset neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) that may herald neurodegeneration. The emotional impact of these early behavioral changes on caregivers is under-measured in pre-dementia care.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To develop a brief, domain-aligned caregiver distress scale for MBI (MBI-D) and examine clinical correlates of MBI-related caregiver distress in mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI-AD).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n One hundred and four participant-informant dyads with MCI-AD at a Greek memory clinic were included. Caregivers completed the Greek MBI-C and the new five-item MBI-D (one item per ISTAART-AA MBI domain). Internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n ), non-parametric tests, and Spearman correlations assessed bivariate associations. Multiple linear regression identified independent correlates of MBI-D total. Prespecified covariates were age, education, sex, global cognition (MMSE or ACE-R), disease duration, and MBI-C (total or domains).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Internal consistency of the MBI-D was moderate (\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.617; standardized\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.627; mean inter-item\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.25). MBI-D total correlated strongly with MBI-C total (\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.789,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.001), and each MBI-D domain correlated with its corresponding MBI-C domain (\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.478\u20130.850, all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.001). Disease duration was associated with MBI-D total and with apathy-related distress (\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.302,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.002 and\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.392,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.001, respectively). In multivariable regression, MBI-C total and education were independent predictors of MBI caregiver distress (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.804,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.001, and\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.135,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.017, respectively). In the MBI-C domains model, impulse dyscontrol, apathy and emotional dysregulation independently related to higher distress (\n B<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.513,\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.482,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.001,\n B<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.315,\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.278,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.001, and\n B<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.289,\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.227,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.001 respectively), while cognitive performance (MMSE and ACE-R) did not have a significant impact.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The MBI-D, strongly coupled with MBI-C, is a concise, clinically practical and scalable measure of MBI-related caregiver distress in MCI-AD, capturing both symptom burden and domain-specific distress in a single administration. Impulsivity, apathy, and affective dysregulation are highlighted as priority targets for early, caregiver-focused interventions advancing innovative, prevention-oriented dementia care delivery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/frdem.2026.1736570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T17:21:20Z","timestamp":1771953680000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From mild behavioral impairment-checklist (MBI-C) to MBI-distress (MBI-D): a paired assessment and clinical correlates of domain-specific caregiver distress in MCI due to AD"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Efthalia","family":"Angelopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niki","family":"Tsinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Age Day Care Center IASIS","place":["Athens, Greece"]},{"name":"1st Department of Psychiatry, Aiginition University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Hatzopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Age Day Care Center IASIS","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akylina","family":"Despoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Age Day Care Center IASIS","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Kamtsadeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Age Day Care Center IASIS","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Papadogiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Age Day Care Center IASIS","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Stanitsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasilis","family":"Kyriakidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Age Day Care Center IASIS","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sokratis","family":"Papageorgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Papatriantafyllou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]},{"name":"Third Age Day Care Center IASIS","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric symptoms as a predictor of caregiver burden in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"2","author":"Allegri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. 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