{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:14:04Z","timestamp":1790709244323,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Dement."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia have been identified, including infectious diseases. Among the infectious diseases potentially associated with dementia is herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To better characterize the association between HSV-2 and dementia, we conducted a meta-analysis of published peer-reviewed studies reporting HSV-2 exposure and dementia outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 626 identified primary studies, eight met our inclusion criteria, with one of these excluded due to overlapping data with another study, yielding seven independent studies (total\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 751,156). Meta-analyses found no significant association between HSV-2 infection and Alzheimer's disease (pooled odds ratios \u2248 1.1, 95% confidence intervals included the null across all methods). Similarly, when pooling odds ratios across studies examining all-cause dementia, results were non-significant (pooled odds ratios \u2248 1.2, 95% confidence intervals included 1). In contrast, pooled hazard ratios from three studies for all-cause dementia suggested a possible increased risk among individuals with HSV-2 (DerSimonian and Laird pooled hazard ratio = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.00\u20131.89; Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman pooled hazard ratio = 1.35, 95% CI: 0.58\u20133.14), driven primarily by two significant studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, the available evidence indicates no clear association between HSV-2 and Alzheimer's disease and only one of the two meta-analytic methods shows evidence of a potential relationship with all-cause dementia. These findings support continued investigation into the association between HSV-2 and dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/frdem.2026.1737068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T05:25:34Z","timestamp":1774329934000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Herpes simplex virus 2 and dementia risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"C. 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