{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:28:23Z","timestamp":1787027303107,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Canada Graduate Scholarships"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Canada Graduate Scholarships"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant #895-2013-1021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant #895-2013-1021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Rehabilit. Sci."],"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:bold>\n Physical activity (PA) interventions are limited in number and reach for youth with physical disabilities (YPD) who experience systemic barriers that may preclude their in-person participation. Further, a lack of theory in the development and evaluation of PA interventions impedes our understanding and replication of active components of behavior change. These limitations pose challenges in the effective promotion of PA in YPD. Theory-based and more inclusive methods of PA intervention delivery must be explored in our efforts to promote PA and overall health in YPD.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of an online, 4-week social cognitive theory-based PA intervention for YPD. Intervention feasibility (implementation fidelity, intervention compliance, and intervention acceptability) was evaluated through manual documentation, weekly feedback questionnaires, and open-ended feedback at 1-month post-intervention. Targeted social cognitive (outcome expectations, self-efficacy [task, self-regulatory, barrier] and self-regulation) and PA behavior outcomes were self-reported at baseline and 1-week and 1-month post-intervention.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results:<\/jats:bold>\n Sixteen YPD (M\n age<\/jats:sub>\n = 17.4 \u00b1 2.7 years, 69% female) completed the study. Intervention feasibility was supported by high implementation fidelity (100%), high intervention compliance (&gt;90%), and positive ratings on indicators of acceptability for all weeks of the intervention (weekly feedback questionnaire means ranging from 5.74 to 6.19 out of 7). Through open-ended feedback, participants indicated the intervention was easy to use and understand, favorably shifted their self-awareness and personal meaning of PA, and provided value and potential for future use pertaining to the learned self-regulation skills and strategies. Participants also provided formatting and content recommendations for intervention improvement. Repeated measures ANOVAs showed significant and large effect sizes for changes in participants' task (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.01,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.28) and barrier (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.02,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n p<\/jats:italic>\n =\n 0<\/jats:italic>\n .24) self-efficacy, goal-setting and planning and scheduling behaviors (\n ps<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.001,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ps<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.42), and self-reported PA behavior (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.02,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.26).\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n An online PA intervention for YPD is feasible and may offer potential benefit through the enhancement of self-efficacy, self-regulation, and PA behavior. Continued research is necessary to understand the efficacy and longer-term outcomes of online, theory-based interventions for YPD as a PA promotion strategy.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fresc.2021.651688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:37:39Z","timestamp":1619743059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An Online Physical Activity Intervention for Youth With Physical Disabilities: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Ritu","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy E.","family":"Latimer-Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Cairney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly P.","family":"Arbour-Nicitopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Disability in Canada: A 2006 Profile"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":">Canadian Survey on Disability, 20172018"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03430.x","article-title":"The potential metabolic consequences of cerebral palsy: inferences from the general population and persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"51","author":"Bauman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.161.11.1075","article-title":"Exercise training program in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"161","author":"Verschuren","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2012.715721","article-title":"Differences in habitual physical activity levels of young people with cerebral palsy and their typically developing peers: a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Carlon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2016.1198240","article-title":"A systematic review of review articles addressing factors related to physical activity participation among children and adults with physical disabilities","volume":"10","author":"Martin Ginis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Psychol Rev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1159\/000222244","article-title":"Tracking of physical activity from childhood to adulthood","volume":"2","author":"Telama","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obes Facts."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2013.863391","article-title":"Obesity prevention for children with physical disabilities: a scoping review of physical activity and nutrition interventions","volume":"36","author":"McPherson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198104263660","article-title":"Health promotion by social cognitive means","volume":"31","author":"Bandura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1123\/apaq.30.2.127","article-title":"Impact of after school programming on physical activity among adolescents with visual impairments","volume":"30","author":"Cervantes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adapt Phys Act Q."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03609.x","article-title":"An internet-based physical activity intervention for adolescents with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"52","author":"Maher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7.1.e11","article-title":"The law of attrition","volume":"7","author":"Eysenbach","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res."},{"key":"B13","unstructured":">Framework for Developing and Testing Mind and Body Interventions"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032814","article-title":"Developing physical activity interventions for adults with spinal cord injury. Part 3: a pilot feasibility study of an intervention to increase self-managed physical activity","volume":"58","author":"Brawley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/J006v26n04_02","article-title":"A critical appraisal of literature reviews about the transition to adulthood for youth with disabilities","volume":"26","author":"Stewart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys Occup Ther Pediatr."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyf027","article-title":"Acceptability and feasibility of a computer-tailored physical activity intervention using stages of change: project FAITH","volume":"18","author":"Vandelanotte","year":"2003","journal-title":"Health Educ Res."},{"key":"B17","volume-title":">Test of a Social Cognitive Theory-Based Educational Treatment to Increase the Frequency of Voluntary Moderate and Vigorous Physical Exercise Among Adolescent School Students","author":"Winters","year":"2001"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.2000.0735","article-title":"Factorial validity and invariance of questionnaires measuring social-cognitive determinants of physical activity among adolescent girls","volume":"31","author":"Motl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prev Med."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.20.3.342","article-title":"Predicting physical activity intention and behavior in school-age children","volume":"20","author":"Foley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Exerc Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.06.019","article-title":"Planning, leisure-time physical activity and coping self-efficacy in persons with spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"90","author":"Arbour-Nicitopoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1037\/0090-5550.53.2.153","article-title":"Use of an efficacy-enhancing message to influence the self-regulatory efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation participants: a field experiment","volume":"53","author":"Woodgate","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324796ABM2402_12","article-title":"Social cognitive determinants of physical activity in young adults: a prospective structural equation analysis","volume":"24","author":"Rovniak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.11.005","article-title":"Reliability and validity tests of the leisure time physical activity questionnaire for people with spinal cord injury","volume":"4","author":"Martin Ginis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2018.12.002","article-title":"Canadian-French adaptation and test-retest reliability of the leisure-time physical activity questionnaire for people with physical disabilities","volume":"62","author":"Cummings","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med."},{"key":"B25","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, 2nd Edn.","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412983488","volume-title":">Basic Content Analysis","author":"Weber","year":"1990"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.4098","article-title":"Development of an online well-being intervention for young people: an evaluation protocol","volume":"4","author":"Antezana","year":"2015","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3233\/TAD-2012-0343","article-title":"Why aren't you on facebook?: patterns and experiences of using the internet among youth with physical disabilities","volume":"24","author":"Raghavendra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Technol Disabil."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2020.100922","article-title":"Examining factors of physical activity participation in youth with spina bifida using the theoretical domains framework","volume":"13","author":"Volfson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disabil Health J."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2010.03910.x","article-title":"Measurement of habitual physical activity performance in adolescents with cerebral palsy: a systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Clanchy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fresc.2021.651688\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T08:38:51Z","timestamp":1620203931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fresc.2021.651688\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fresc.2021.651688"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fresc.2021.651688","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-6861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-6861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"article-number":"651688"}}