{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:30:28Z","timestamp":1753893028463,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Rehabilit. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Implicit and explicit motor learning processes work interactively in everyday life to promote the creation of highly automatized motor behaviors. The cerebellum is crucial for motor sequence learning and adaptation, as it contributes to the error correction and to sensorimotor integration of on-going actions. A non-invasive cerebellar stimulation has been demonstrated to modulate implicit motor learning and adaptation. The present study aimed to explore the potential role of cerebellar theta burst stimulation (TBS) in modulating explicit motor learning and adaptation, in healthy subjects. Cerebellar TBS will be applied immediately before the learning phase of a computerized task based on a modified Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) paradigm. Here, we present a study protocol aimed at evaluating the behavioral effects of continuous (cTBS), intermittent TBS (iTBS), or sham Theta Burst Stimulation (TBS) on four different conditions: learning, adaptation, delayed recall and re-adaptation of SRTT. We are confident to find modulation of SRTT performance induced by cerebellar TBS, in particular, processing acceleration and reduction of error in all the conditions induced by cerebellar iTBS, as already known for implicit processes. On the other hand, we expect that cerebellar cTBS could induce opposite effects. Results from this protocol are supposed to advance the knowledge about the role of non-invasive cerebellar modulation in neurorehabilitation, providing clinicians with useful data for further exploiting this technique in different clinical conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fresc.2021.720184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T04:36:08Z","timestamp":1631075768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Experimental Protocol to Test Explicit Motor Learning\u2013Cerebellar Theta Burst Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Paola","family":"Ortelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Ferrazzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Maestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leopold","family":"Saltuari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Kofler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Alibardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Spampinato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Castagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Sebastianelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Versace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.09.044","article-title":"Parallel contributions of cerebellar, striatal and M1 mechanisms to motor sequence learning","volume":"226","author":"Penhune","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(02)00307-0","article-title":"Central mechanisms of motor skill learning","volume":"12","author":"Hikosaka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01138.2007","article-title":"Learning of a sequential motor skill comprises explicit and implicit components that consolidate differently","volume":"101","author":"Ghilardi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.11.012","article-title":"Contributions of the basal ganglia and functionally related brain structures to motor learning","volume":"199","author":"Doyon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000019","article-title":"From creation to consolidation: a novel framework for memory processing","volume":"7","author":"Robertson","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1159\/000118670","article-title":"How does the limbic system assist motor learning? 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