{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T09:03:25Z","timestamp":1780736605797,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Rehabil. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are prevalent globally and can negatively impact an individual's lifespan by not only increasing the likelihood of encountering other negative life events (NLEs), but also escalating the risk of illness, absenteeism due to sickness, unemployment, and reliance on disability benefits in adulthood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the prevalence of ACEs and NLEs, as well as their health impacts among patients undergoing occupational rehabilitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 80 participants diagnosed with musculoskeletal disorders and\/or common mental disorders who participated in two occupational rehabilitation programs in Norway were included. Data were collected by questionnaire and in-depth interviews (39 participants) at the start of the intervention. Comparative quantitative and qualitative analysis was conducted between individuals with a history of ACEs and those without these experiences. Thematic analysis was used to identify the impact of ACEs and NLEs on the health of the informants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Half of the participants reported ACEs. Of these, 18% reported one ACE, 22% reported 2\u20133 ACEs and 9% reported 4 or more ACEs. Also, 25% were categorized as revictimized. The two groups with ACEs had more NLEs in adulthood compared to those without ACEs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), revictimized the most (mean numbers between groups 3.1, 4.5 and 5.9). Furthermore, a history of ACEs was associated with a higher number of reported mental health issues compared to those who had not experienced ACEs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). However, there were no significant differences between the two ACE groups. NLEs had a substantial impact on the participants\u2019 current health status, whether they occurred in childhood or adulthood. In adult life, a high workload (psychologically or physically), interpersonal challenges, and financial struggles had an especially negative impact. Additionally, accidents and complications related to surgeries were also significant NLEs causing health problems. For most, there were complex interactions between NLEs and health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of ACEs and NLEs is high among occupational rehabilitation patients. ACEs are associated with subsequent victimization, interpersonal challenges, financial struggles, and increased mental health issues in adulthood. These findings highlight the need for systematic screening and a holistic, individualized approach in occupational rehabilitation programs to potentially mitigate the adverse effects of NLEs on health and work participation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fresc.2024.1389337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T11:54:10Z","timestamp":1731498850000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Adverse childhood experiences, subsequent negative life events, and their impact on health in occupational rehabilitation patients: a mixed-methods study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Eftedal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruby","family":"Del Risco Kollerud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Prevalence Studies of Child Maltreatment","year":"2022"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-017-2365-1","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and child health outcomes: comparing cumulative risk and latent class approaches","volume":"22","author":"Lanier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104127","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and associated health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"97","author":"Petruccelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3158","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24612-3_828","article-title":"Negative events","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences","author":"Slotter","year":"2020"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380211036393","article-title":"Child maltreatment, peer victimization, and mental health: neurocognitive perspectives on the cycle of victimization","volume":"24","author":"Goemans","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26259","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v6.26259","article-title":"Violence against children, later victimisation, and mental health: a cross-sectional study of the general Norwegian population","volume":"6","author":"Thoresen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.04.007","article-title":"A review of primary care interventions to improve health outcomes in adult survivors of adverse childhood experiences","volume":"46","author":"Korotana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/03-089","article-title":"Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and indicators of impaired adult worker performance","volume":"8","author":"Anda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Perm J"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105510","article-title":"The relationship between child neglect and adolescent interpersonal functioning: a systematic review","volume":"125","author":"Haslam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.12.022","article-title":"The association between child maltreatment and adult poverty\u2013a systematic review of longitudinal research","volume":"77","author":"Bunting","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.03.006","article-title":"Do adverse childhood experiences predict adult interpersonal difficulties? 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