{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:45Z","timestamp":1791244845830,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Rehabil. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elderly hemodialysis (HD) patients frequently experience reduced physical activity due to treatment-related immobility and fatigue, leading to accelerated functional decline. While exercise therapy is beneficial, adherence remains challenging among frail elderly patients. Belt-type electrical stimulation (B-SES) presents a potential alternative, though evidence for its safety and efficacy in this population is limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this 12-week prospective intervention study, eight frail maintenance HD patients (mean age 75.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9 years) received B-SES therapy during HD sessions. Outcomes were assessed through physical function measures, biochemical markers, quality of life indices, and body composition analysis using multiple imaging modalities (BIA, CT, <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H-MRS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five participants completed the intervention, with three withdrawals unrelated to the treatment. Physical function measures showed a trend toward improvement without elevation in inflammatory markers. While BIA showed no significant changes in muscle mass, CT analysis revealed increased thigh muscle cross-sectional area, and <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H-MRS indicated improvements in intramuscular fat composition. A significant correlation emerged between reduced intramyocellular lipids and improved physical performance measures (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>B-SES demonstrated safety and potential efficacy in improving physical function and muscle quality among frail elderly HD patients. From a public health perspective, B-SES may serve as a feasible and accessible intervention for this population, particularly in resource-limited settings. However, further studies are needed to determine its cost-effectiveness in comparison with conventional exercise therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fresc.2025.1559077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T05:25:27Z","timestamp":1752729927000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Safety and efficacy of belt-type electrical stimulation for preventing disuse syndrome in elderly hemodialysis patients: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Misa","family":"Miura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Owada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Kohzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"473","article-title":"\u82b1\u623f \u898f, \u963f\u90e8 \u96c5, \u5e38\u559c \u4fe1, \u661f\u91ce \u7d14, \u8c37\u53e3 \u6b63, \u83ca\u5730 \u52d8, et al. \u308f\u304c\u56fd\u306e\u6162\u6027\u900f\u6790\u7642\u6cd5\u306e\u73fe\u6cc1 \uff082022\u5e7412\u670831\u65e5\u73fe\u5728\uff09","volume-title":"\u65e5\u672c\u900f\u6790\u533b\u5b66\u4f1a\u96d1\u8a8c","year":"2023"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-019-02310-2","article-title":"The prevalence of frailty in patients on hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010043","article-title":"Exercise-Based interventions in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review with a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Bogataj","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s41100-023-00485-0","article-title":"Interactional effects of depressive symptoms and physical function on daily physical activity in ambulatory patients receiving hemodialysis","volume":"9","author":"Matsunaga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Renal Replacement Therapy"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072377","article-title":"Importance of considering malnutrition and sarcopenia in order to improve the QOL of elderly hemodialysis patients in Japan in the era of 100-year life","volume":"26","author":"Inaba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"53","article-title":"Clinical safety of early rehabilitation using electrical muscle stimulation for patients with intracranial hypertension","volume":"28","author":"Kino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medical Research Archives"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640657","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.640657","article-title":"Efficacy of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on body composition and muscle strength in non-athletic adults. 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