{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T06:11:27Z","timestamp":1760076687880,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Rehabil. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the versatile application of the Affolter Model\u00ae, using Tactual Interaction Therapy as a treatment approach in health, social and educational care of people with congenital brain disorder or acquired brain injury, high quality studies with robust designs for efficacy are scarce. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Tactual Interaction Therapy requires agreement and consensus among practitioners of what constitutes this approach. Such consensus has yet to be achieved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Goal<\/jats:title><jats:p>To map the Affolter Model\u00ae by reaching consensus on its core domains among experienced practitioners.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From September to December 2022, a modified online Delphi process with four survey rounds was conducted to map the core domains of the Affolter Model\u00ae. An international, interdisciplinary project group consisting of four senior instructors, trained in the use of the Affolter Model\u00ae created 29 initial statements. In the course of the four survey rounds, 40 practitioners (expert panel), all experienced users of the Affolter Model\u00ae, rated these statements on a five-point Likert scale. In addition, new statements were developed as well as new versions of existing statements. These were integrated into the surveys and submitted for evaluation. An a-priory consensus was set at a percentage approval of at least 80%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-six statements out of a total of 38 statements reached consensus. The majority of statements (29\/36) achieved an agreement of more than 90%. Statements that were initially rejected achieved consensus after being rephrased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-six core statements describing the Affolter Model\u00ae achieved consensus. By mapping the core domains of the Affolter Model\u00ae, this study provides a basis for teaching and developing the Affolter Model\u00ae in theory and practice and for further research projects to investigate its effectiveness in persons with perceptive and cognitive problems, limiting participation in everyday life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fresc.2025.1624757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T05:28:58Z","timestamp":1760074138000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Defining the key elements of the Affolter Model\u00ae in a multiprofessional Delphi study: a first step toward evidence-based Tactual Interaction Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Tamarith","family":"Schlunegger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Augstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Munch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Roelandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Jakobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3109\/03790798109167107","article-title":"Perceptual processes as prerequisites for complex human behaviour","volume":"3","author":"Affolter","year":"1981","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"B2","first-page":"227","article-title":"The development of tactile perception","volume-title":"Advances in Child Development and Behavior","author":"Bremner","year":"2017"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.39.020188.000245","article-title":"Exploratory behaviour in the development of perceiving, acting, and the acquiring of knowledge","volume":"39","author":"Gibson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"400","volume-title":"Movement and Action in Learning and Development: Clinical Implications for Pervasive Developmental Disorders","author":"Stockman","year":"2004"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Das Zusammenspiel von H\u00f6ren, Sehen, Sp\u00fcren, Denken. 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