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These disorders are highly susceptible to sequelae and profoundly impact individuals\u2019 daily lives. In this context, Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology has demonstrated considerable potential in the domain of neurorehabilitation, although numerous challenges remain. The manuscript provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in research and clinical applications, highlighting current limitations and outlining future directions. It elucidates the applicability and constraints of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology across various diseases and patient populations. To facilitate insights across different conditions, comparative tables are presented, aligning BCI strategies with therapeutic targets, outcomes, advantages, limitations, and existing evidence gaps. The scope extends beyond motor restoration to include under-explored domains, such as neuropathic pain, with a focus on real-world translation, including home and community feasibility and the distinction between assistive and rehabilitative applications. The review distills overarching limitations within the field, such as small sample sizes, protocol heterogeneity, and limited longitudinal evidence, while synthesizing the most recent studies. An actionable research and development roadmap is proposed to guide next-generation BCI rehabilitation, incorporating individualized cortical-network simulators, self-architecting decoders, adaptive therapy approaches akin to game seasons, and proprioceptive \u201cwrite-back\u201d mechanisms via peripheral interfaces. Moreover, the review reveals significant research focal points and critical issues that warrant further investigation in the context of neurological rehabilitation utilizing BCI technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fresc.2026.1666530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T07:17:54Z","timestamp":1770707874000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Current status and future prospects of brain\u2013computer interfaces in the field of neurological disease rehabilitation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Dali University","place":["Dali, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Dali University","place":["Dali, Yunnan, 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