{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T17:44:40Z","timestamp":1785174280730,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Rehabil. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a standardized rating system called \u201cqualifiers\u201d to describe capacity and performance, reflecting what a person can do and what a person does, respectively, yet their clinician-reported use remains conceptually and methodologically unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To map and describe clinician-reported assessments linked to capacity and performance qualifiers, and to examine how these qualifiers have been operationalized in practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Systematic searches were performed in five bibliographic databases and grey literature sources from 2001 to August 2025. The protocol was registered prospectively on the Open Science Framework. Studies were included if they described clinician-reported assessments applying capacity and\/or performance qualifiers in accordance with original ICF definitions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Identified assessments were confined to a narrow range of Mobility categories, namely walking and use of the upper extremities. Most studies retrofitted existing clinical tests to qualifiers using heterogeneous approaches, including percentage-based thresholds, normative distributions, or clinically defined descriptors. Only one study developed an assessment specifically designed for qualifier use. Explicit differentiation between capacity and performance was rarely reported, and validation of qualifier thresholds was limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nearly a quarter of a century after the adoption of the ICF, clinician-reported use aligned with original ICF capacity and performance definitions remains limited, conceptually ambiguous, and methodologically inconsistent. Clearer conceptual definitions and internationally agreed, category-specific criteria are needed to enable meaningful, reliable, and comparable clinician-reported assessments of functioning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fresc.2026.1792865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T13:12:17Z","timestamp":1778159537000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring clinician-reported assessments of capacity and performance qualifiers in the ICF: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Tobias","family":"Kaarsbo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Odense University Hospital","place":["Odense, Denmark"]},{"name":"Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark","place":["Odense, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeppe Grabov","family":"Phillip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark","place":["Odense, Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Odense University Hospital","place":["Svendborg, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Maribo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DEFACTUM, Central Denmark Region","place":["Aarhus, Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Aarhus University","place":["Aarhus, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark","place":["Odense, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huib Ten","family":"Napel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dutch WHO-Collaborating Centre, RIVM","place":["Bilthoven, Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisbeth Rosenbek","family":"Minet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Odense University Hospital","place":["Odense, Denmark"]},{"name":"Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark","place":["Odense, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.17.04565-8","article-title":"Functioning: the third health indicator in the health system and the key indicator for rehabilitation","volume":"53","author":"Stucki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fsci.2023.1118512","article-title":"The human functioning revolution: implications for health systems and sciences","volume":"1","author":"Bickenbach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Science"},{"key":"B3","year":""},{"key":"B4","volume-title":"International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: ICF","year":"2001"},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"How to use the ICF: A Practical Manual for Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). 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