{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T06:03:36Z","timestamp":1784527416774,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Rehabil. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The digital transformation of rehabilitation training has become a public health imperative driven by a global demand that outstrips professional medical resources and is compounded by a deficit in public rehabilitation literacy. As traditional hospital-centric models reach their scalability limits, there is a critical necessity for accessible home-based care solutions to ensure patients do not miss optimal recovery windows. To evaluate computer vision as a potential solution, this paper conducts a systematic review following the PRISMA 2020 reporting framework. We identify that its clinical migration faces a profound \u201cParadigm Gap\u201d across three critical domains which this study aims to address: (1) the\n                    <jats:bold>Perception Domain<\/jats:bold>\n                    , where algorithms are constrained by inherent reconstruction ambiguities and pathological data scarcity; (2) the\n                    <jats:bold>Assessment Domain<\/jats:bold>\n                    , where a \u201csemantic gap\u201d persists between low-level features and clinical reasoning; and (3) the\n                    <jats:bold>Coaching Domain<\/jats:bold>\n                    , where feedback mechanisms fail to translate summative \u201cKnowledge of Results (KR)\u201d into actionable \u201cKnowledge of Performance (KP).\u201d We formulate and adopt \u201cPerception, Assessment, and Coaching (PAC)\u201d as a novel taxonomy to serve as a logical grid for systematically analyzing existing literature and elucidating technical pathways required to resolve these clinical challenges. This review synthesizes the technological landscape into three evolutionary trajectories: (1) In Perception, research is shifting toward constructing biomechanically consistent digital twins to eliminate visual hallucinations. (2) In Assessment, frontier methods are establishing interpretable clinical reasoning engines to achieve a leap from engineering parameters to Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) evidence. (3) In Coaching, focus lies in precise movement correction via semantic translation and multimodal strategies to support motor relearning. Furthermore, we explore the potential of Generative AI and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in reshaping interaction paradigms (e.g., Visual Self-Modeling) alongside critical discussions on ethical boundaries. Through a systematic literature review, this paper elucidates the task boundaries of rehabilitation vision and constructs the PAC taxonomy. It provides a robust theoretical roadmap and forward-looking guidance for the design of the next generation of clinically valid intelligent rehabilitation systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fresc.2026.1906327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T05:34:36Z","timestamp":1784525676000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perception, assessment, and coaching: a systematic review and taxonomy of computer vision-based physical rehabilitation techniques"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, University of South China","place":["Hengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China","place":["Hengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengjian","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China","place":["Hengyang, China"]},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","place":["Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China","place":["Hengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangqing","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, University of South China","place":["Hengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, University of South China","place":["Hengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of South China","place":["Hengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, University of South China","place":["Hengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, University of South China","place":["Hengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China","place":["Hengyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100587","article-title":"Global, regional prevalence, incidence and risk factors of knee osteoarthritis in population-based studies","volume":"29","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00369-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"23","author":"Feigin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1159\/000546317","article-title":"Global, regional and national burdens of stroke and its subtypes: unraveling the correlations with the global aging trend","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-017-0182-7","article-title":"Human resources for health (and rehabilitation): six rehab-workforce challenges for the century","volume":"15","author":"Jesus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E115","DOI":"10.47363\/PMS\/2022(6)E115","article-title":"Critical gaps in physical therapy in the United States of America: exploring the shortage and schedule a classification. progress in medical sciences. 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