{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:05:02Z","timestamp":1790057102132,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Rehabil. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post COVID-19 condition (PCC), is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, including fatigue and cognitive problems. Symptoms may lead to disability in everyday life and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Evidence for effective rehabilitation strategies for this patient group remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the effectiveness of tailored individual follow-up compared with a standard one-day group course, both based on cognitive behavioral approach, in patients with PCC 6 months after the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single-center, parallel-group, superiority randomized controlled trial (1:1) was conducted among outpatients aged 18\u201365 years with PCC. Patients were randomized to either a rehabilitation program with individual follow-up over 6\u20138 weeks or a standard one-day multidisciplinary self-management group course. Both groups were introduced to graded activity based on principles from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and were offered the app \u201cMy COVID rehabilitation\u201d. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in patient reported HRQoL (EQ-5D-5L-index score) at 6 months. Secondary self-reported outcomes included fatigue measured with the Chalder Fatigue Scale, EQ-VAS, and symptom registration. Neuropsychological function was assessed with objective neuropsychological tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      60 participants were randomized, the mean age was 46 years (22\u201366 years), and 43 (72%) were female. Outcome assessments were completed for the primary outcome for 29 participants in each arm. No significant between-group difference was found in the primary outcome (score difference EQ-5D-5L-index =0.07; 95% CI [-0.18,.04];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.11). The adjusted linear model confirmed the absence of significant difference between groups. No persistent significant group differences were observed for any secondary outcomes. Both groups showed statistically and clinically significant sustained improvements in fatigue and EQ-VAS, as well as significant reductions in the number of symptoms. Within neuropsychological test, both groups demonstrated significant improvement in episodic memory (RAVLT), and the standard course group additionally showed significant improvement in attention (CPT).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tailored individual follow-up was not more effective than a standard one-day group course in improving HRQoL in PCC, both based on principles of CBT. However, significant improvements in both groups were observed in several secondary outcomes, including some objective neuropsychological tests. Larger studies are needed to confirm these results.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06085911<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier NCT06085911.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fresc.2026.1927300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:40:26Z","timestamp":1790055626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of tailored individual follow-up vs. standard one-day group course on health-related quality of life in patients with post COVID-19 condition: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Marte","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital of North Norway","place":["Troms\u00f8, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henriette","family":"Michalsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital of North Norway","place":["Troms\u00f8, Norway"]},{"name":"Institute of Health and Society, Research Centre for Habilitation and Rehabilitation Model and Services (CHARM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo","place":["Oslo, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audny","family":"Anke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital of North Norway","place":["Troms\u00f8, Norway"]},{"name":"Institute of Health and Society, Research Centre for Habilitation and Rehabilitation Model and Services (CHARM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo","place":["Oslo, Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT\u2014The Arctic University of Norway","place":["Troms\u00f8, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Synne G.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital of North Norway","place":["Troms\u00f8, Norway"]},{"name":"Institute of Health and Society, Research Centre for Habilitation and Rehabilitation Model and Services (CHARM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo","place":["Oslo, Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT\u2014The Arctic University of Norway","place":["Troms\u00f8, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Espinasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Development and Research Department (UtForsk), University Hospital of North Norway","place":["Troms\u00f8, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Langeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen","place":["Bergen, Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital","place":["Bergen, Norway"]},{"name":"Norwegian Institute for Public Health","place":["Oslo, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen","place":["Bergen, Norway"]},{"name":"Influenza Centre, Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital","place":["Bergen, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e5l","family":"Aukrust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reseach Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet","place":["Oslo, Norway"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo","place":["Oslo, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuva B.","family":"Dahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reseach Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet","place":["Oslo, Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital","place":["Oslo, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Sandvig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology","place":["Trondheim, Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St Olav\u2019s Hospital","place":["Trondheim, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Wilhelmsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, 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