{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T09:35:40Z","timestamp":1793525740880,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front.Health Serv."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic pain compromises child and adolescent well-being and development. This study aimed to identify risk factors for chronic pain and exploration of how young people negotiate such risks and express resilience. We hypothesized children and youth with chronic pain would report greater prevalence of mental health disorders than the general population; and those demonstrating greater resilience would demonstrate less psychiatric comorbidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective chart review was conducted for all patients (ages 7\u201317) attending the sole pediatric chronic pain clinic in Manitoba, from 2015 to 2019 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 116). Patients' demographic information and psychiatric illness burden were compared to provincial epidemiological data using Chi-Square tests. Pain sites, family history, psychiatric illness, psychosocial functioning, treatment history and treatment recommendations were explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sample was predominantly female (74%; <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = <jats:italic>114<\/jats:italic>). Sixty-eight percent of patients reported a family history of chronic pain. Thirty-seven percent of the patients (vs. 14.0% anticipated; <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 326 260) reported comorbid psychiatric disorder, X<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (1, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 114) = 53.00, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001. Thirty-two percent reported diagnosis of mood and\/or anxiety disorder (vs. 7.3%), X<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (1, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 114) = 99.34, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001. Children and youth demonstrating resilience through engagement in more prosocial behaviors reported fewer psychiatric symptoms (rs = \u22120.292<jats:italic>, N<\/jats:italic> = 114, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002, Spearman's correlation).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female sex, family history, and lower socioeconomic status were associated with chronic pain. Psychiatric conditions were more prevalent in chronic pain patients than in the general population. Approaching chronic pain from a mind-body perspective, while building on patients' strengths, is central to informing treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/frhs.2022.852322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T05:33:00Z","timestamp":1651469580000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pediatric Chronic Pain, Resilience and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Canada: A Retrospective, Comparative Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Megan A.","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polina","family":"Anang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Gavalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.07.016","article-title":"The epidemiology of chronic pain in children and adolescents revisited: a systematic review","volume":"152","author":"King","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2007.10.015","article-title":"The severity of chronic pediatric pain: an epidemiological study","volume":"9","author":"Huguet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Pain."},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"2020"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-272","article-title":"Chronic pain and pain-related disability across psychiatric disorders in a clinical adolescent sample","volume":"13","author":"Mangerud","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001390","article-title":"The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic primary pain","volume":"160","author":"Nicholas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"B6","volume-title":"Bonica's management of pain","author":"Loeser","year":"2001"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsu008","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological therapies for children with chronic pain","volume":"39","author":"Fisher","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol."},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5","year":"2013"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2020.05.008","article-title":"Prevalence, patterns, and correlates of pain in medically hospitalized pediatric patients with somatic symptom and related disorders","volume":"62","author":"Ibeziako","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychosomatics."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000637","article-title":"Transmission of risk from parents with chronic pain to offspring: an integrative conceptual model","volume":"157","author":"Stone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2015.1062900","article-title":"Time perspective, socioeconomic status, and psychological distress in chronic pain patients","volume":"21","author":"Dany","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet127","article-title":"Sex differences in pain: a brief review of clinical and experimental findings","volume":"111","author":"Bartley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3390\/children3040040","article-title":"Mental health comorbidities in pediatric chronic pain: a narrative review of epidemiology, models, neurobiological mechanisms and treatment","volume":"3","author":"Vinall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsv072","article-title":"Resilience in youth and families living with pediatric health and developmental conditions: introduction to the special issue on resilience","volume":"40","author":"Hilliard","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsr038","article-title":"School functioning and chronic pain: a review of methods and measures","volume":"36","author":"Gorodzinsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199709000-00006","article-title":"Estimating the burden of disease. 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