{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:22:34Z","timestamp":1760487754690,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Health Serv."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the impact of establishing standardized community-based venous catheter maintenance nursing clinics, leveraging the training resources and expertise of tertiary general hospitals and following specialized nursing protocols.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective before\u2013after study examined the implementation of a standardized peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) maintenance model across 45 community clinics in Shanghai. The intervention included structured training, supervision, and quality control led by a tertiary hospital vascular access nursing team. Clinical outcomes before (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009831) and after (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009984) the intervention were compared using statistical analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After implementation, the incidence of PICC-related complications decreased significantly (from 7.82% to 0.71%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), missed maintenance appointments were reduced (from 2.78 to 0.88, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), and patient satisfaction improved (from 69.33\u2009\u00b1\u20097.02 to 88.30\u2009\u00b1\u20096.92, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Moreover, patients experienced decreased travel time, transportation costs, and work absences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The standardized community-based PICC maintenance model significantly improved care quality, reduced complication rates, and enhanced patient experience. It offers a scalable framework for expanding specialist nursing services within primary care settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/frhs.2025.1680673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T05:25:16Z","timestamp":1760419516000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The practical effect of \u201cstandardized mode\u201d in the construction of community venous catheter maintenance specialty nursing clinics"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Zhongling","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sibei","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongting","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9398","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-1848","article-title":"Risk factors for peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-associated infections in patients receiving chemotherapy and the preventive effect of a self-efficacy intervention program: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.7499\/j.issn.1008-8830.2101087","article-title":"Guidelines for the operation and management of peripherally inserted central catheters in neonates","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhongguo Dangdai Erke Zazhi (Chin J Contemp Pediatr)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2791464","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2791464","article-title":"Effects of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) catheterization nursing on bloodstream infection in peripheral central venous catheters in lung cancer: a single-center, retrospective study","volume":"2022","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Math Methods Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.5301\/jva.5000670","article-title":"Peripherally inserted central catheter-related complications in cancer patients: a prospective study of over 50,000 catheter days","volume":"18","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piaa170.051","article-title":"#49: results of 10 years of peripherally inserted central catheter use and the association with infections in pediatric patients at a tertiary care oncology hospital","volume":"10","author":"Acebo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e033804","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033804","article-title":"Nurses\u2019 knowledge of peripherally inserted central catheter maintenance and its influencing factors in Hunan province, China: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S250741","article-title":"Nurses\u2019 attitudes and knowledge of peripherally inserted central catheter maintenance in primary hospitals in China: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Risk Manag Healthc Policy"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-016-0161-0","article-title":"Complications with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) used in hospitalized patients and outpatients: a prospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Grau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4075","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1009-6493.2013.35.059","article-title":"Explore of intravenous infusion team operation and management model in large general hospitals","volume":"27","author":"Xing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-1756.2017.02.004","article-title":"The role of IV team in the quality control of long-term intravenous therapy in public hospital","volume":"17","author":"Xing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin Nurs Manag"},{"key":"B11","volume-title":"Shanghai\u2019s Community PICC Network Expands to Cover 45 Clinics","year":"2025"},{"key":"B12","volume-title":"PICC maintenance Clinics Enter Communities: \u201cTertiary Hospital-level care at Your Doorstep\u201d","year":"2023"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.12788\/jhm.3287","article-title":"Recommendations on the use of ultrasound guidance for central and peripheral vascular access in adults: a position statement of the society of hospital medicine","volume":"14","author":"Franco-Sadud","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hosp Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1097\/NHH.0000000000001270","article-title":"Update: the 2024 infusion therapy standards of practice","volume":"42","author":"Gorski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Home Healthc Now"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profnurs.2025.02.003","article-title":"Exploring the impact on faculty of the American association of colleges of nursing\u2019s the essentials: core competencies for professional nursing education","volume":"57","author":"Pearson","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Prof Nurs"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e162","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir257","article-title":"Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections","volume":"52","author":"O'Grady","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2017.05.007","article-title":"Prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections","volume":"31","author":"Bell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00900","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00900-18","article-title":"Predictors of peripherally inserted central catheter occlusion in the outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy setting","volume":"62","author":"Lam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy867","article-title":"2018 infectious diseases society of America clinical practice guideline for the management of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy","volume":"68","author":"Norris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofac199","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac199","article-title":"A quality initiative to improve postdischarge care for patients on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy","volume":"9","author":"Certain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"B21","first-page":"7207","article-title":"Application of continuous nursing intervention for patients with PICC catheterization undergoing tumor chemotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17899","DOI":"10.2196\/17899","article-title":"Potential benefits of multimedia-based home catheter management education in patients with peripherally inserted central catheters: systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Malale","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_1885_23","article-title":"Comparison of the effectiveness of radiation protection principles training through multimedia and instructional booklet on the awareness of operating room staff","volume":"14","author":"Charmchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7607","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33805-9","article-title":"A nursing care-sensitive patient satisfaction measure in older patients","volume":"13","author":"Goes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.12102\/j.issn.1009-6493.2024.04.032","article-title":"Current situation of training multi skilled community nurses and establishing nursing clinics in Shanghai","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Huli Yanjiu (Nurs Res)"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13050420","article-title":"A qualitative review of patient feedback for the OPAT (outpatient antimicrobial therapy) service in Bristol","volume":"13","author":"Soni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofaa205","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa205","article-title":"Perspectives of patients on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: experiences and adherence","volume":"7","author":"Hamad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11017-9","article-title":"Exploring patients\u2019 perspectives: a mixed methods study on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) experiences","volume":"24","author":"Peter","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"B29","first-page":"55","article-title":"Analysis of primary care satisfaction and its influencing factors among community residents in Jiangxi province","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin Health Econ"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S22","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2017.26.2.S22","article-title":"Service development of a nurse-led community-based PICC insertion service","volume":"26","author":"Bedford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Nurs"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32158-5","article-title":"Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of nurse-led care involving education and engagement of patients and a treat-to-target urate-lowering strategy versus usual care for gout: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"392","author":"Doherty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000377","article-title":"Reducing risks and improving vascular access outcomes","volume":"43","author":"Morrell","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infus Nurs"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0269750","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269750","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of bundled innovative devices versus standard approach in the prevention of unscheduled peripheral venous catheters removal due to complications in France","volume":"17","author":"Maunoury","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Health Services"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frhs.2025.1680673\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T05:25:20Z","timestamp":1760419520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frhs.2025.1680673\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frhs.2025.1680673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frhs.2025.1680673","relation":{},"ISSN":["2813-0146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2813-0146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"article-number":"1680673"}}