{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T22:00:25Z","timestamp":1780437625207,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Health Serv."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nurses' caring behavior is central to the quality and humanistic orientation of nursing services. However, many hospital performance appraisals remain task-oriented and may insufficiently reflect caring competencies essential to patient-centered care. This study examined the association between nurses' caring behavior and Individual Performance Index (IPI) scores and identified caring dimensions requiring improvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 228 nurses in a public hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia, recruited through simple random sampling. Caring behavior was measured using the Caring Behavior Inventory (CBI-42), and IPI was self-entered by nurses based on their most recent official monthly appraisal report. Spearman's rank correlation was used (two-tailed, \u03b1 = 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No significant association was found between overall caring behavior and IPI scores (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.027;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.680), although both measures were generally high (median CBI = 3.50 [2.00\u20134.00]; median IPI = 1.00 [0.80\u20131.10]). Positive connectedness (3.44) and attentiveness to others' experiences (3.50) were comparatively lower than the other caring dimensions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current appraisal systems may not adequately capture caring competencies. Integrating explicit caring indicators into nurse performance evaluation may strengthen workforce development and support patient-centered health systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nurse performance appraisal scores were not significantly associated with caring behavior, suggesting that existing appraisal systems may not adequately reflect caring competencies in nursing practice. Incorporating explicit caring-related indicators into performance evaluation may improve the alignment between assessed performance and the humanistic goals of nursing care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/frhs.2026.1773688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T05:46:57Z","timestamp":1776232017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Do nurse performance appraisals reflect caring behaviors? Evidence from an Indonesian hospital"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Kuntarti","family":"Kuntarti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Science and Fundamentals of Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia","place":["Depok, Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irfan","family":"Rahmayanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital","place":["Central Jakarta, Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.15452\/cejnm.2016.07.0014","article-title":"Concept caring in nursing","volume":"7","author":"Draho\u0161ov\u00e1","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cent Eur J Nurs Midwifery"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2174\/1874434620130516003","article-title":"Caring 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