{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:30:08Z","timestamp":1787725808130,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Health Serv."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop and test the relevance of a program theory underpinning a continuing professional development (CPD) program designed to support primary care nurses in adopting evidence-based mental health assessment practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary care nurses play a key role in identifying and responding to mental health needs, yet often report limited confidence and support in conducting assessments. A CPD program grounded in reflective practice and clinical supervision was co-created to address these gaps. Program design included a program theory representing the selected training processes and their expected outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Theory-driven evaluation using relevancy testing with a mixed-methods approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data collection included questionnaires based on the Ability, Motivation and Opportunity (AMO) framework at baseline, post-training, and 4\u20136 months follow-up; semi-structured interviews; observational field notes; and a logbook. Research team members analyzed qualitative data thematically and quantitative data descriptively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fourteen primary care nurses from two healthcare centres in Quebec participated (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200913 completed). The program enhanced nurses\u2019 ability (knowledge, skills), motivation (confidence and professional engagement), and perceived opportunities at the individual level. Participants reported integrating new practices, including systematic screening, goal-setting, and follow-up, indicating behavioural change. Results suggest reflective and clinical supervision mechanisms that may have explained these outcomes and that enrich the initial CPD program theory.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A CPD program integrating reflective practice and clinical supervision can strengthen conditions for evidence-based mental health assessment in primary care. Sustained practice change, however, requires alignment with organizational support processes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/frhs.2026.1887809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T05:57:52Z","timestamp":1787723872000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A program theory for a continuing professional development program to enhance primary care nurses\u2019 mental health assessment practices"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ariane","family":"Girard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","place":["Sherbrooke, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Lem\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","place":["Sherbrooke, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Lafontaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","place":["Sherbrooke, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Daniel","family":"Carrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departement of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","place":["Sherbrooke, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-France","family":"Langlois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Continuing Education Center, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","place":["Sherbrooke, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Clabault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","place":["Sherbrooke, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luz Piedad","family":"Arroyave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Directorate, CIUSSS Centre-Ouest-de-l\u2019Ile-de-Montr\u00e9al","place":["Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanie","family":"Gagn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Services Directorate, CIUSSS Estrie-CHUS","place":["Sherbrooke, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","year":"2026"},{"key":"B2","year":"2026"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2021.09.010","article-title":"Promoting good mental health in the whole population: the new frontier","volume":"55","author":"Fusar-Poli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"29","author":"Girard","year":"2024"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13046","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.13046","article-title":"Nurse-led task-shifting strategies to substitute for mental health specialists in primary care: a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Aurizki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Pract"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12788","article-title":"Adoption of care management activities by primary care nurses for people with common mental disorders and physical conditions: a multiple case study","volume":"28","author":"Girard","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmy101","article-title":"Nurse-delivered interventions for mental health in primary care: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"36","author":"Halcomb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"B8","year":"2018"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-024-02464-8","article-title":"Integrated self-management support provided by primary care nurses to persons with chronic diseases and common mental disorders: a qualitative study","volume":"25","author":"Beaudin","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Prim Care"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0349.2011.00742.x","article-title":"What is a comprehensive mental health nursing assessment? 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