{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:56:03Z","timestamp":1791388563798,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Res. Metr. Anal."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examines the structural mechanisms through which digital ethics governance and data protection strategies influence employee trust and adaptive performance in the commercial banking sector.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional quantitative design was employed, collecting data from 402 bank employees in Vietnam. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and PLSpredict were used to test the hypotheses and evaluate predictive capabilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results reveal that digital ethics governance and data protection significantly enhance organizational justice. Organizational justice acts as a critical mediator toward employee trust. Furthermore, digital transformation intensity and organizational culture support directly promote employee trust, which in turn drives adaptive behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings highlight that technological adoption alone is insufficient without strong ethical governance and structural support. Banks must integrate ethical safeguards with culture and justice mechanisms to foster trust and adaptive performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/frma.2026.1910765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T06:24:43Z","timestamp":1786688683000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Data privacy governance and employee trust: evidence from Vietnamese commercial banks"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Thanh","family":"Vo Phuc Truong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Finance and Banking, School of Economics, Can Tho University","place":["Can Tho, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quoc-Hieu","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Administration, Chaoyang University of Technology","place":["Taichung, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuong","family":"Tran Thi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Management, National Economics University","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linh","family":"Ha Le Khanh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher","place":["Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Tran Xuan Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Business Administration and Marketing, Hung Vuong University of Ho Chi Minh City","place":["Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1999.tb01614.x","article-title":"Are individual differences germane to the acceptance of new information technologies?","volume":"30","author":"Agarwal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Decis. Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5362","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-04378-8_5","article-title":"\u201cThe ethical implications of digital transformation and financial innovations on banking performance and growth: a conceptual framework,\u201d","author":"Bahzad","year":"2026","journal-title":"Technological Innovation and Enhancing Decision Processes in Modern Enterprises (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, Vol. 631)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90022-L","article-title":"Social cognitive theory of self-regulation","volume":"50","author":"Bandura","year":"1991","journal-title":"Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99120","DOI":"10.1177\/014920639101700108","article-title":"Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage","volume":"17","author":"Barney","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Manage"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3390\/risks10050090","article-title":"Trust in and risk of technology in organizational digitalization","volume":"10","author":"Bencsik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Risks"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532977","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1532977","article-title":"Influence of digital transformation on employee innovative behavior: roles of challenging appraisal, organizational culture support, and transformational leadership style","volume":"16","author":"Bindel Sibassaha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B7","author":"Blau","year":"1964","journal-title":"Exchange and Power in Social Life"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/10864415.2004.11044320","article-title":"The effect of internet security breach announcements on market value","volume":"9","author":"Cavusoglu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Electron. Commer."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.86.3.425","article-title":"Justice at the millennium: a meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research","volume":"86","author":"Colquitt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2007.0572","article-title":"Justice, trust, and trustworthiness: a longitudinal analysis","volume":"54","author":"Colquitt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.92.4.909","article-title":"Trust, trustworthiness, and trust propensity: a meta-analytic test","volume":"92","author":"Colquitt","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2307\/249688","article-title":"Computer self-efficacy: development of a measure and initial test","volume":"19","author":"Compeau","year":"1995","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206305279602","article-title":"Social exchange theory: an interdisciplinary review","volume":"31","author":"Cropanzano","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Manage."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.10.1.104","article-title":"Information privacy concerns, procedural fairness, and impersonal trust","volume":"10","author":"Culnan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Organ. Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2307\/249008","article-title":"Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology","volume":"13","author":"Davis","year":"1989","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1060.0080","article-title":"An extended privacy calculus model for e-commerce transactions","volume":"17","author":"Dinev","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Res."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.87.4.611","article-title":"Trust in leadership: meta-analytic findings","volume":"87","author":"Dirks","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/jrfm15010021","article-title":"The impact of digital transformation on performance: evidence from Vietnamese commercial banks","volume":"15","author":"Do","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Risk Financial Manag"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452225777","author":"Folger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Organizational Justice and Human Resource Management"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104","article-title":"Evaluating structural equation models","volume":"18","author":"Fornell","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Market. Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2307\/30036519","article-title":"Trust and TAM in online shopping: an integrated model","volume":"27","author":"Gefen","year":"2003","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"B22","author":"Greenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Handbook of Organizational Justice"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-80519-7","author":"Hair","year":"2022","journal-title":"A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, 3rd Edn."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-014-0403-8","article-title":"A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling","volume":"43","author":"Henseler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acad. Market. Sci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e19719","article-title":"Unveiling digital transformation: Investigating technology adoption in Vietnam's food delivery industry for enhanced customer experience","volume":"9","author":"Hoang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9221.2004.00402.x","article-title":"A decade of system justification theory","volume":"25","author":"Jost","year":"2004","journal-title":"Polit. Psychol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-8501(01)00182-1","article-title":"Trust production and privacy concerns on the Internet","volume":"31","author":"Luo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ind. Mark. Manag."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.2307\/258792","article-title":"An integrative model of organizational trust","volume":"20","author":"Mayer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"B29","volume-title":"Unlocking Success in Digital Transformations","year":"2023"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3390\/ijfs12030091","article-title":"Digital transformation and credit risk in Vietnamese commercial banks","volume":"12","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Financ. Stud."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.4.680","article-title":"Resistance to change: developing an individual differences measure","volume":"88","author":"Oreg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.2011.01221.x","article-title":"Leadership and employees' reactions to change","volume":"64","author":"Oreg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pers. Psychol."},{"key":"B33","first-page":"1121","article-title":"An improvisational model for change management: the case of groupware technologies","volume":"38","author":"Orlikowski","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sloan Manag. Rev"},{"key":"B34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Management as symbolic action: the creation and maintenance of organizational paradigms","volume":"3","author":"Pfeffer","year":"1981","journal-title":"Res. Organ. Behav."},{"key":"B35","author":"Ringle","year":"2022","journal-title":"SmartPLS 4 User Manual"},{"key":"B36","volume-title":"Diffusion of Innovations, 4th Edn.","author":"Rogers","year":"1995"},{"key":"B37","volume-title":"Organizational Culture and Leadership, 4th Edn.","author":"Schein","year":"2010"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361388","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143809","article-title":"Organizational climate and culture","volume":"64","author":"Schneider","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.2307\/256701","article-title":"Determinants of innovative behavior","volume":"37","author":"Scott","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5771","DOI":"10.63516\/amss\/02.04\/004","article-title":"The impact of digital ethics and data privacy practices on employee trust in E-HRM systems","volume":"2","author":"Shaikh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Manag. Soc. Sci"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1108\/EJM-02-2019-0189","article-title":"Predictive model assessment in PLS-SEM: guidelines for using PLSpredict","volume":"53","author":"Shmueli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Mark."},{"key":"B42","year":"2021","journal-title":"Decision No. 810\/QD-NHNN on the Digital Transformation Plan for the Banking Sector to 2025"},{"key":"B43","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annual Report on Digital Banking Operations 2024"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/10864415.2003.11044270","article-title":"The impact of customer trust and perception of security control","volume":"7","author":"Suh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Electron. Commer."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3200\/JRLP.143.1.45-66","article-title":"Trust in coworkers and trust in organizations","volume":"143","author":"Tan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Psychol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.640","article-title":"Explicating dynamic capabilities","volume":"28","author":"Teece","year":"2007","journal-title":"Strateg. Manage. J."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2015.1078834","article-title":"Development and validation of the Internet skills scale","volume":"19","author":"Van Deursen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inf. Commun. Soc."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.46.2.186.11926","article-title":"A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model","volume":"46","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Manage. Sci."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2307\/3250981","article-title":"Why don't men ever stop to ask for directions?","volume":"24","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2000","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2307\/30036540","article-title":"User acceptance of information technology: toward a unified theory","volume":"27","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2003","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsis.2019.01.003","article-title":"Understanding digital transformation: A review and a research agenda","volume":"28","author":"Vial","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Strateg. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"B52","volume-title":"Human Resources Report of the Banking Sector 2022\u20132023","year":"2023"},{"key":"B53","volume-title":"Decree No. 13\/2023\/ND-CP dated 17 April 2023 on Personal Data Protection","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frma.2026.1910765\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:33:16Z","timestamp":1791387196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frma.2026.1910765\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frma.2026.1910765"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frma.2026.1910765","relation":{},"ISSN":["2504-0537"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2504-0537","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"article-number":"1910765"}}