{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:54:52Z","timestamp":1793145292550,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiomes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity is a global epidemic that has affected the lives of over 14% of adults worldwide and over a third of Americans. Obesity is associated with the increased risk of thirteen obesity-associated cancers and poor cancer outcomes. Bariatric surgery is the most effective method of sustained weight loss and has been steadily increasing in clinical use over the past 4 decades. Importantly, bariatric surgery is established to decrease cancer risk. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is currently the most common bariatric surgery procedure. To evaluate underlying mechanisms of bariatric associated cancer protection, we developed a robust pre-clinical model of bariatric surgery-induced weight loss in mice. Using multiple strains, we established detailed procedures, defined best practices, and noted specific controls to include to examine mediators critical to cancer onset. This VSG protocol includes stringent pre- and post-operational measures to reduce stress-associated weight loss in obese mice to achieve rigorous and reproducible bariatric surgery-associated weight loss. In addition, we describe collection of fecal and intestinal samples as well as Peyer\u2019s patches as important mediators of bariatric surgery\u2019s impact on cancer risk. In conclusion, as obesity and weight loss approaches including bariatric surgery are increasingly examined in cancer risk and outcomes including immunotherapy, the establishment of robust pre-clinical interventions will allow the field to address critical underlying mechanisms mediating the benefits of weight loss and cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frmbi.2025.1432817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T13:24:27Z","timestamp":1752585867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A standardized method for vertical sleeve gastrectomy bariatric surgery investigations in cancer"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Arvind V.","family":"Ramesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sydney C.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret S.","family":"Bohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily W.","family":"Grey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel H.","family":"Elasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brianne M.","family":"Hibl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwatosin T.","family":"Asunloye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki-Suk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teri D.","family":"Doss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph F.","family":"Pierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine L.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liza","family":"Makowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Sipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.610","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality after gastric bypass surgery","volume":"17","author":"Adams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obes. (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2025-011540","article-title":"Gut reactions: harnessing microbial metabolism to fuel next-generation cancer immunotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Almonte","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4754","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-021-05628-y","article-title":"Examining the rates of obesity and bariatric surgery in the United States","volume":"31","author":"Altieri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes. Surg."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.9009","article-title":"Association of bariatric surgery with cancer risk and mortality in adults with obesity","volume":"327","author":"Aminian","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102895","article-title":"A surrogate of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (the enterogastro anastomosis surgery) regulates multiple beta-cell pathways during resolution of diabetes in ob\/ob mice","volume":"58","author":"Amouyal","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0055","article-title":"Diet modulates the gut microbiome, metabolism, and mammary gland inflammation to influence breast cancer risk","volume":"17","author":"Arnone","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res. (Phila)"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12567","article-title":"Benefits and risks of bariatric surgery in adults: A review","volume":"324","author":"Arterburn","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25738","article-title":"Metabolic surgery and cancer: protective effects of bariatric procedures","volume":"117","author":"Ashrafian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/54905","article-title":"Techniques of sleeve gastrectomy and modified roux-en-Y gastric bypass in mice","author":"Ayer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.01.016","article-title":"Five-year kidney outcomes of bariatric surgery differ in severely obese adolescents and adults with and without type 2 diabetes","volume":"97","author":"Bjornstad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.187683","article-title":"The gut microbiome enhances breast cancer immunotherapy following bariatric surgery","author":"Bohm","year":"2025","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G711","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00171.2024","article-title":"Fecal microbial transplants as investigative tools in cancer","volume":"327","author":"Bohm","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest Liver Physiol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-022-10050-6","article-title":"The role of obesity and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss in breast cancer","volume":"41","author":"Bohm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15216","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i41.15216","article-title":"Heterogeneity across the murine small and large intestine","volume":"20","author":"Bowcutt","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.09.26","article-title":"Impact of bariatric surgery on cancer risk reduction","volume":"8","author":"Bruno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.14.1724","article-title":"Bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"292","author":"Buchwald","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-014-1311-1","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of medium-term outcomes after banded Roux-en-Y gastric bypass","volume":"24","author":"Buchwald","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obes. Surg."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.172868","article-title":"Calorie restriction outperforms bariatric surgery in a murine model of obesity and triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"8","author":"Camp","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3248","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.16178","article-title":"Cornus officinalis vinegar reduces body weight and attenuates hepatic steatosis in mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"87","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646792","article-title":"CD44 deletion leading to attenuation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis results from alterations in gut microbiome in mice","volume":"47","author":"Chitrala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxz268","article-title":"The world cancer research fund\/american institute for cancer research third expert report on diet, nutrition, physical activity, and cancer: impact and future directions","volume":"150","author":"Clinton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30054-X","article-title":"Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19&xb7;2 million participants","volume":"387","author":"Collaboration","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.9676","article-title":"Efficacy of liraglutide for weight loss among patients with type 2 diabetes: the SCALE diabetes randomized clinical trial","volume":"314","author":"Davies","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.40.0895","article-title":"Reach out to enhance wellness home-based diet-exercise intervention promotes reproducible and sustainable long-term improvements in health behaviors, body weight, and physical functioning in older, overweight\/obese cancer survivors","volume":"30","author":"Demark-Wahnefried","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23038","article-title":"Influence of weight loss on obesity-associated complications after metabolic and bariatric surgery in adolescents","volume":"28","author":"Derderian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes. (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-018-1051-6","article-title":"Aerobic and resistance exercise improves physical fitness, bone health, and quality of life in overweight and obese breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Dieli-Conwright","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21769\/bioprotoc.1936","article-title":"Preparation of protein-containing extracts from microbiota-rich intestinal contents","volume":"6","author":"Dillenburg-Pilla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bio Protoc."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28689","article-title":"Vertical sleeve gastrectomy activates GPBAR-1\/TGR5 to sustain weight loss, improve fatty liver, and remit insulin resistance in mice","volume":"64","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-0081","article-title":"Enhanced glucose control following vertical sleeve gastrectomy does not require a beta-cell glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor","volume":"67","author":"Douros","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0055-1","article-title":"What models eat","volume":"24","author":"Engber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-022516-034423","article-title":"The physiology and molecular underpinnings of the effects of bariatric surgery on obesity and diabetes","volume":"79","author":"Evers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003331","article-title":"Bariatric surgery is associated with reduced risk of breast cancer in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women","volume":"272","author":"Feigelson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.6458","article-title":"Trends in obesity among adults in the United States 2005 to 2014","volume":"315","author":"Flegal","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7715","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8715","article-title":"Bile diversion to the distal small intestine has comparable metabolic benefits to bariatric surgery","volume":"6","author":"Flynn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6546-2","article-title":"Nutrition quality of food purchases varies by household income: the SHoPPER study","volume":"19","author":"French","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/56534","article-title":"A murine model of vertical sleeve gastrectomy","author":"Garibay","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-120420-032437","article-title":"Designing relevant preclinical rodent models for studying links between nutrition, obesity, metabolism, and cancer","volume":"41","author":"Glenny","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad224","article-title":"Giving weight to incretin-based pharmacotherapy for obesity-related sleep apnea: a revolution or a pipe dream","volume":"46","author":"Grunstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e74957","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074957","article-title":"Bacterial community mapping of the mouse gastrointestinal tract","volume":"8","author":"Gu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-017-2660-3","article-title":"RYGB produces more sustained body weight loss and improvement of glycemic control compared with VSG in the diet-induced obese mouse model","volume":"27","author":"Hao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obes. Surg."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E11","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00060.2021","article-title":"Diet-dependent sex differences in the response to vertical sleeve gastrectomy","volume":"321","author":"Hutch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.03.113","article-title":"Cafeteria diet-induced obesity causes oxidative damage in white adipose","volume":"473","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.165.3.877-a","article-title":"Hypotensive shock associated with bradycardia after intravenous injection of contrast medium","volume":"165","author":"Katzberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.03.048","article-title":"Effects of obesity surgery on overall and disease-specific mortality in a 5-country population-based study","volume":"157","author":"Kauppila","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2021.100938","article-title":"Marker-based assays for studying gut transit in gnotobiotic and conventional mouse models","volume":"2","author":"Koester","year":"2021","journal-title":"STAR Protoc."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2024.10.004","article-title":"Tirzepatide as an innovative treatment strategy in a pre-clinical model of obesity-driven endometrial cancer","volume":"191","author":"Kong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S73","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.935109","article-title":"Obesity, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases: potential common mechanisms","volume":"72","author":"Kunes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djae134","article-title":"Metabolic Dysregulation and Cancer Risk Program (MeDOC): a transdisciplinary approach to obesity-associated cancers","volume":"116","author":"Lam","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1606602","article-title":"Body fatness and cancer\u2013viewpoint of the IARC working group","volume":"375","author":"Lauby-Secretan","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S103649","article-title":"Weight loss intervention adherence and factors promoting adherence: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Lemstra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.03.006","article-title":"Effects of diurnal variation of gut microbes and high-fat feeding on host circadian clock function and metabolism","volume":"17","author":"Leone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003391","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of vertical sleeve gastrectomy versus roux-en-Y gastric bypass for diabetes treatment: A claims-based cohort study","volume":"273","author":"Lewis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3966","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-019-04067-0","article-title":"Metabolic features of individuals with obesity referred for bariatric and metabolic surgery: a cohort study","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes. Surg."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178ra141","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005687","article-title":"Conserved shifts in the gut microbiota due to gastric bypass reduce host weight and adiposity","volume":"5","author":"Liou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003714","article-title":"Bariatric surgery trends in the U.S.: 1% is the loneliest number","volume":"271","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.116064","article-title":"Combined traditional Chinese medicine and probiotics (TCMP) alleviates lipid accumulation and improves metabolism in high-fat diet mice via the microbiota-gut-liver axis","volume":"207","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20662","article-title":"Eight-year weight losses with an intensive lifestyle intervention: the look AHEAD study","volume":"22","author":"Look","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obes. (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44324-025-00054-5","article-title":"Incretin triple agonist retatrutide (LY3437943) alleviates obesity-associated cancer progression","volume":"3","author":"Marathe","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Metab. Health Dis."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.03.011","article-title":"Small intestine microbiota regulate host digestive and absorptive adaptive responses to dietary lipids","volume":"23","author":"Martinez-Guryn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-008-9634-4","article-title":"Sleeve gastrectomy-a \u201cfood limiting operation","volume":"18","author":"Melissas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obes. Surg."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.0659","article-title":"Effectiveness of bariatric surgery vs community weight management intervention for the treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"78","author":"Mollan","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.643","article-title":"Effects of home-based diet and exercise on functional outcomes among older, overweight long-term cancer survivors: RENEW: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"301","author":"Morey","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00337-8","article-title":"Anti-obesity drug discovery: advances and challenges","volume":"21","author":"Muller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B64","volume-title":"Obesity and cancer fact sheet","year":"2022"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12222599","article-title":"Probiotic and muscadine grape extract interventions shift the gut microbiome and improve metabolic parameters in female C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"12","author":"Newman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000140752.74893.24","article-title":"The relationship between hospital volume and outcome in bariatric surgery at academic medical centers","volume":"240","author":"Nguyen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22440","article-title":"Bile diversion improves metabolic phenotype dependent on farnesoid X receptor (FXR)","volume":"27","author":"Pierre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes. (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abq3178","article-title":"Peptide YY: A Paneth cell antimicrobial peptide that maintains Candida gut commensalism","volume":"381","author":"Pierre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109285","article-title":"Immune checkpoint blockade reprograms systemic immune landscape and tumor microenvironment in obesity-associated breast cancer","volume":"35","author":"Pingili","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgad003","article-title":"Metabolic and bariatric surgery and obesity pharmacotherapy for cancer prevention: current status and future possibilities","volume":"2023","author":"Playdon","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst Monogr."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0125718","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125718","article-title":"Bariatric surgery induces disruption in inflammatory signaling pathways mediated by immune cells in adipose tissue: A RNA-seq study","volume":"10","author":"Poitou","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa849","article-title":"Diabetes remission status during seven-year follow-up of the longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery study","volume":"106","author":"Purnell","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.19-3-205","article-title":"Current treatments for obesity","volume":"19","author":"Ruban","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Med. (Lond)"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.05.022","article-title":"Effect of orlistat on plasma lipids and body weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 33 randomized controlled trials","volume":"122","author":"Sahebkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38812","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038812","article-title":"Metabolomic profiling reveals mitochondrial-derived lipid biomarkers that drive obesity-associated inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Sampey","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.18","article-title":"Cafeteria diet is a robust model of human metabolic syndrome with liver and adipose inflammation: comparison to high-fat diet","volume":"19","author":"Sampey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obes. (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S52","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22002","article-title":"Association between weight loss and the risk of cancer after bariatric surgery","author":"Schauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obes. (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002525","article-title":"Bariatric surgery and the risk of cancer in a large multisite cohort","volume":"269","author":"Schauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.79143","article-title":"Response to immune checkpoint blockade improved in pre-clinical model of breast cancer after bariatric surgery","volume":"11","author":"Sipe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12856","article-title":"Microbiome, bile acids, and obesity: How microbially modified metabolites shape anti-tumor immunity","volume":"295","author":"Sipe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa066254","article-title":"Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects","volume":"357","author":"Sjostrom","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6614","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0710402105","article-title":"Beta-Arrestin-1 mediates glucagon-like peptide-1 signaling to insulin secretion in cultured pancreatic beta cells","volume":"105","author":"Sonoda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-021-05389-8","article-title":"RYGB Is More Effective than VSG at Protecting Mice from Prolonged High-Fat Diet Exposure: An Occasion to Roll Up Our Sleeves","volume":"31","author":"Stevenson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes. Surg."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7 41 41","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142735.im0741s107","article-title":"Sampling of intestinal microbiota and targeted amplification of bacterial 16S rRNA genes for microbial ecologic analysis","volume":"107","author":"Tong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Immunol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.1.155","article-title":"XENical in the prevention of diabetes in obese subjects (XENDOS) study: a randomized study of orlistat as an adjunct to lifestyle changes for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in obese patients","volume":"27","author":"Torgerson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B86","first-page":"151","article-title":"Chapter 9 - imaging cytoplasmic lipid droplets in enterocytes and assessing dietary fat absorption","volume-title":"Methods in cell biology","author":"Uchida","year":"2013"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00847-5","article-title":"Obesity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases","volume":"20","author":"Valenzuela","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2015.02.008","article-title":"Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy leads the U.S. utilization of bariatric surgery at academic medical centers","volume":"11","author":"Varela","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010213","article-title":"Beneficial effects of bariatric surgery-induced by weight loss on the proteome of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue","volume":"9","author":"Varela-Rodriguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.08.049","article-title":"The gut-liver axis: impact of a mouse model of small-bowel bacterial overgrowth","volume":"221","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0247307","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247307","article-title":"Association of body mass index with health care expenditures in the United States by age and sex","volume":"16","author":"Ward","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032183","article-title":"Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity","volume":"384","author":"Wilding","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12051230","article-title":"The effects of obesity on anti-cancer immunity and cancer immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Woodall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B94","unstructured":"Obesity\n          \n          2021"},{"key":"B95","unstructured":"World obesity atlas 2023\n          \n          2023"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-020-04403-9","article-title":"Gastric bypass improves obesity and glucose tolerance independent of gastric pouch size","volume":"30","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes. Surg."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108270","article-title":"Endocannabinoid receptor-1 and sympathetic nervous system mediate the beneficial metabolic effects of gastric bypass","volume":"33","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470942390.mo120087","article-title":"Mouse models of bariatric surgery","volume":"2012","author":"Yin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182197035","article-title":"Assessment of different bariatric surgeries in the treatment of obesity and insulin resistance in mice","volume":"254","author":"Yin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2024.04.012","article-title":"Intermittent energy restriction inhibits tumor growth and enhances paclitaxel response in a transgenic mouse model of endometrial cancer","volume":"186","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiomes"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frmbi.2025.1432817\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T13:24:28Z","timestamp":1752585868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frmbi.2025.1432817\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"references-count":100,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frmbi.2025.1432817"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frmbi.2025.1432817","relation":{},"ISSN":["2813-4338"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2813-4338","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"article-number":"1432817"}}