{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:53:08Z","timestamp":1790110388891,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Robot. AI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the inspection work involving foodstuffs in food factories, there are cases where people not only visually inspect foodstuffs, but must also physically touch foodstuffs with their hands to find foreign or undesirable objects mixed in the product. To contribute to the automation of the inspection process, this paper proposes a method for detecting foreign objects in food based on differences in hardness using a camera-based tactile image sensor. Because the foreign objects to be detected are often small, the tactile sensor requires a high spatial resolution. In addition, inspection work in food factories requires a sufficient inspection speed. The proposed cylindrical tactile image sensor meets these requirements because it can efficiently acquire high-resolution tactile images with a camera mounted inside while rolling the cylindrical sensor surface over the target object. By analyzing the images obtained from the tactile image sensor, we detected the presence of foreign objects and their locations. By using a reflective membrane-type sensor surface with high sensitivity, small and hard foreign bodies of sub-millimeter size mixed in with soft food were successfully detected. The effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed through experiments to detect shell fragments left on the surface of raw shrimp and bones left in fish fillets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2021.774080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T02:00:11Z","timestamp":1638496811000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Detection of Foreign Bodies in Soft Foods Employing Tactile Image Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Shimonomura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tinghsuan","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0260-8774(03)00183-3","article-title":"Improving Quality Inspection of Food Products by Computer Vision-Aa Review","volume":"61","author":"Brosnan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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