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AI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Periods of heightened arousal or restlessness can interfere with children\u2019s ability to remain physically calm in everyday settings such as classrooms. Handheld tactile technologies may offer a simple and engaging way to support brief moments of structured sensory-motor engagement. This paper investigates how a pocket-sized tactile device influences physiological and behavioral markers of calmness in typically developing children. Building on prior work examining heart-rate modulation, we present new findings on how a handheld rhythm-matching interaction affects full-body movement and postural stability. Eighteen children participated in a within-subjects study involving two conditions: active interaction with a handheld tactile rhythm-matching game and a comparison condition in which they held the same device with the tactile interaction disabled. Results showed lower heart rate during active interaction, with an average reduction of 3.37 bpm (p = 0.019), and lower overall body movement, with movement decreasing by 37.6% (p = 0.002). Regional movement analyses showed the largest reductions in head, neck, and shoulder movement (44.8% reduction) and upper-limb movement (48.5% reduction). These findings suggest that brief tactile rhythm-matching interaction with a handheld device is associated with reduced acute physiological arousal and physical restlessness in children. The study provides a preliminary baseline for future work examining how tactile robotic interactions may support calmness in more demanding or stressful contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2026.1810778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:43:35Z","timestamp":1790138615000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tactile regulation with pocket-sized robots: reducing movement and heart rate in children through hand-held interaction"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Morten Roed","family":"Frederiksen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Systems and Robotics, IT-University of Copenhagen","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasper","family":"St\u00f8y","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interaction Lab, University of Southern California","place":["Los Angeles, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Matari\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Systems and Robotics, IT-University of Copenhagen","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark"]},{"name":"Interaction Lab, University of Southern California","place":["Los Angeles, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.5898\/jhri.6.1.admoni","article-title":"Social eye gaze in human-robot interaction","volume":"6","author":"Admoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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