{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T04:56:20Z","timestamp":1790571380027,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Robot. AI"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) improves implant positioning over conventional techniques, but commercial systems commonly bind the robotic platform to a single implant manufacturer, restricting clinical flexibility. Open-platform systems offer a vendor-neutral alternative, yet their effect on novice execution precision and workflow stability during implant switching remains insufficiently characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective exploratory matched-pair case series was conducted on standardized synthetic bone models (Sawbones). Two robotic-na\u00efve medical students, after identical training and baseline assessment, each performed 20 consecutive robotic UKA procedures on the ROPA open-platform system (Beijing Changmugu Medical Technology). Operator A used a single implant (Sigma HP Uni, DePuy Synthes); Operator B alternated between two manufacturer-specific workflows (DePuy Synthes; Kangernuo Medical). Because each condition included only one operator, observed differences reflect combined operator- and workflow-related factors that cannot be disentangled. Learning curves were assessed by Cumulative Sum (CUSUM). Three-dimensional resection accuracy was quantified by high-precision laser scanning. Overall perceived workload was assessed with NASA-TLX.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The precision CUSUM oscillated around zero for both operators (peak amplitudes +0.30 and \u22120.54 mm), indicating sub-millimeter accuracy from the first case without a detectable learning phase. All 40 cases fell within the \u00b11 mm safe zone (P &amp;gt; 0.05 across resection depths). Tibial valgus deviation was greater in Operator B (1.74\u00b0 \u00b1 1.33\u00b0 vs. 0.97\u00b0 \u00b1 0.96\u00b0; P = 0.028, Wilcoxon signed-rank test), and the mean deviation of both operators remained below the \u00b12\u00b0 degree threshold. Operator B reached the operative-time inflection point earlier (Case 5 vs. 10) and reported lower NASA-TLX workload (32.05 \u00b1 25.60 vs. 38.35 \u00b1 23.72, P = 0.010); this difference cannot be attributed to workflow alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Under sawbone conditions\u2014which cannot reproduce soft-tissue balancing, bleeding, anatomical variability, patient-specific deformity, or intraoperative decision-making\u2014this two-operator exploratory evaluation found no evidence of compromised accuracy during alternating-implant workflows, with all 40 cases sub-millimeter. Findings are hypothesis-generating pre-clinical observations requiring validation in adequately powered, multi-operator prospective studies before clinical inference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2026.1886514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T04:29:27Z","timestamp":1790569767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-precision universality? A matched-pair sawbone study on the learning curve, accuracy, and implant interchangeability of a novel open-platform robotic UKA system"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Pengyu","family":"Zhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University Aerospace Clinical Medical College","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University Aerospace Clinical Medical College","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boran","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Center Hospital, Department of Orthopedics","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yugang","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Center Hospital, Department of Orthopedics","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Changmugu Medical Technology Co., Ltd.","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Changmugu Medical Technology Co., Ltd.","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University Aerospace Clinical Medical College","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Aerospace Center Hospital, Department of Orthopedics","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05298-6","article-title":"Difference between medial and lateral tibia plateau in the coronal plane: importance of preoperative evaluation for medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty","volume":"23","author":"Alruwaili","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. 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