{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T08:07:31Z","timestamp":1789027651845,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Robot. AI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Textile-based pressure sensors for wearable applications require simple fabrication methods, long-term durability, and biocompatibility for skin contact, yet existing sensors often lack comprehensive validation. This study fabricates piezoresistive pressure sensors by depositing polypyrrole (PPy) on polypropylene nonwoven fabric via\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    chemical polymerization. This work combines simple fabrication with comprehensive electromechanical and biological validation. Material characterization using XRD, FTIR, Raman, SEM\/EDX, and AFM confirmed uniform PPy coatings. The sensors show piezoresistive response across 0.6\u20136.1 kPa, with quasi-linear voltage increase and exponential resistance decrease under pressure. Voltage response followed a linear fit (sensitivity 0.47 V\/kPa,\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.993), while resistance response followed an exponential decay fit (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.998). Performance testing revealed 1000-cycle durability, one-hour stability (voltage drift \u22121.64%), temperature-dependent resistance response evaluated over an extended 30 \u00b0C\u2013100 \u00b0C range for material-level characterization (NTC coefficient \u22120.941%\/\u00b0C), and functionality retention over 7 washing cycles. Hysteresis measured 8.68% of full-scale output. Biocompatibility testing (ISO 10993\u20135) showed cell viability maintained above 70% at all concentrations up to 100 \u03bcg\/mL, and antibacterial testing (AATCC 147) showed zones of 37\u201340 mm against\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 38\u201342 mm against\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Overall, these laboratory-scale results indicate that PPy-coated nonwoven fabric is a promising material for durable, biocompatible pressure sensors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2026.1917223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T07:24:40Z","timestamp":1789025080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Polypyrrole coated nonwoven fabric as a piezoresistive sensing material: a multifunctional study on physicochemical, electromechanical, and biological assessment"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hariprasad","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology","place":["Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharmila","family":"Nageswaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology","place":["Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2617","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14132617","article-title":"Antibacterial performance of protonated polyaniline-integrated polyester fabrics","volume":"14","author":"Aizamddin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23303","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c09871","article-title":"Highly durable antibacterial textiles: cross-linked protonated polyaniline-polyacrylic acid with prolonged electrical stability","volume":"9","author":"Aizamddin","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.30574\/wjarr.2024.24.1.3103","article-title":"A review on recent trends in smart textiles","volume":"24","author":"Allish","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. 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