{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T21:57:57Z","timestamp":1792706277833,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 DK062032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 DK062032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral. Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Increasing evidence indicates that chronic inflammation due to periodontal disease is associated with progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) caused by a Western diet. NAFLD has also been associated with oral infection with the etiological agent of periodontal disease, <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> oral infection has been shown to induce cardiometabolic disease features including hepatic lipid accumulation while also leading to dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. However, the impact of <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> infection on the gut microbiota of mice with diet-induced NAFLD and the potential for those changes to mediate NAFLD progression has yet to be determined. In the current study, we have demonstrated that <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> infection induced sustained alterations of the gut microbiota composition and predicted functions, which was associated with the promotion of NAFLD in steatotic mice. Reduced abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing microbiota was observed after both acute and chronic <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> infection. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> infection produces a persistent change in the gut microbiota composition and predicted functions that promotes steatosis and metabolic disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2021.784448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T06:47:10Z","timestamp":1643006830000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Diet-Induced Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Associated Gut Dysbiosis Are Exacerbated by Oral Infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Alexandra M.","family":"Simas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn D.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline A.","family":"Genco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.11.039","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the second leading etiology of liver disease among adults awaiting liver transplantation in the United States","volume":"148","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.07.033","article-title":"MAFLD and liver transplantation: current burden and expected challenges","volume":"65","author":"Pais","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17050774","article-title":"The natural course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"17","author":"Calzadilla Bertot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"NASH: the emerging most common form of chronic liver disease2259\n            TesfayM\n            GoldkampWJ\n            Neuschwander-TetriBA\n          30228727Missouri Med.1152018"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082648","article-title":"Liver streatosis, gut-liver axis, microbiome and environmental factors. 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