{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:19:52Z","timestamp":1785449992735,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":267,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001827","name":"Universiteit van Amsterdam","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral. Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>account for most invasive fungal and bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs), respectively. However, the initial point of invasion responsible for<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>BSIs is often unclear. Recently,<jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>has been proposed to mediate<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>invasion of immunocompromised hosts during co-colonization of oral mucosal surfaces. The status of the oral immune system crucially contributes to this process in two distinct ways: firstly, by allowing invasive<jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>growth during dysfunction of extra-epithelial immunity, and secondly following invasion by some remaining function of intra-epithelial immunity. Immunocompromised individuals at risk of developing invasive oral<jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>infections could, therefore, also be at risk of contracting concordant<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>BSIs. Considering the crucial contribution of both oral immune function and dysfunction, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of relevant aspects of intra and extra-epithelial oral immunity and discuss predominant immune deficiencies expected to facilitate<jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>induced<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>BSIs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2022.851786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T04:38:18Z","timestamp":1649306298000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Role of the Oral Immune System in Oropharyngeal Candidiasis-Facilitated Invasion and Dissemination of Staphylococcus aureus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Raymond","family":"Pasman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastiaan P.","family":"Krom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian A. 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