{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T07:14:46Z","timestamp":1787987686689,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral. Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine which components in a new restorative material (Renewal MI) improve its ability to form resin tags within demineralized dentine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Varied components included polylysine (PLS), monocalcium phosphate (MCP), powder to liquid ratio (PLR), 4-methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4META), and polypropylene glycol dimethacrylate (PPGDMA). Urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), containing PPGDMA (24\u2005wt%) and 4META (3\u2005wt%), was mixed with glass filler with MCP (8\u2005wt%) and PLS (5\u2005wt%). PLR was 3:1 or 5:1. Reducing MCP and\/or PLS to 4 and 2\u2005wt% respectively or fully removing MCP, PLS, 4META or PPGDMA gave 16 formulations in total. Renewal MI, Z250 (with or without Scotchbond Universal adhesive) and Activa were used as commercial comparators. Collagen discs were obtained by totally demineralizing 2\u2005mm thick, human, premolar, coronal dentine discs by immersion in formic acid (4M) for 48\u2005h. The restorative materials were then applied on top (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093), before dissolving the collagen in sodium hypochlorite (15%). SEM\/EDX was employed to determine resin tags length, composition, and surface coverage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tags were &amp;gt;400, 20 and 200\u2005\u00b5m and covered 62, 55 and 39% of the adhesion interface for Renewal MI, Scotchbond and Activa, respectively. With experimental formulations, they were 200 and &amp;gt;400\u2005\u00b5m long with high vs. low PLR and composed primarily of polymerized monomers. Percentages of the adhesion interface covered varied between 35 and 84%. Reducing PLS or MCP caused a decline in coverage that was linear with their concentrations. Reducing MCP had lesser effect when PLS or PLR were low. Removal of 4META caused a greater reduction in coverage than PPGDMA removal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PLS, MCP, 4META, PPGDMA and low PLR together enhance Renewal MI tags formation in, and thereby sealing of, demineralized dentine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2024.1420541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T05:05:57Z","timestamp":1718341557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Resin tags formation by modified Renewal MI formulations in a carious dentine model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Nabih","family":"Alkhouri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Ashley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Global Oral Health status Report: Towards Universal Health Coverage for Oral Health by 2030. 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