{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:25:27Z","timestamp":1788225927999,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral. Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the maternal and infant oral health benefits from mothers receiving prenatal total oral rehabilitation (PTOR) before childbirth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Building upon our previous investigation, in which 15 expectant mothers received PTOR before their third trimester, achieving a state of oral health free from disease prior to delivery, we conducted a follow-up study to monitor these mothers and their newborns until they reached 2\u2005years of age. We assessed the impact of PTOR on maternal and infant oral health, the utilization of dental care during the postpartum\/early-life period, and the carriage of oral cariogenic microorganisms among mothers and their infants. Control groups consisting of 11 children and 17 mothers who did not undergo PTOR were included for comparative analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PTOR demonstrated a sustained improvement in maternal oral health outcomes by the end of 2\u2005years postpartum, evidenced by a reduction in the Plaque Index and decayed surfaces compared with the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). PTOR was also associated with increased perinatal oral health literacy compared with the baseline of the mothers themselves (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). In addition, PTOR led to a notable increase in maternal dental care utilization, rising from 26.7% before PTOR to 80% at 1\u2005year postpartum and 70% at 2\u2005years postpartum. Intriguingly, 40% of infants in the PTOR group had their first dental visit before reaching 1\u2005year of age, in contrast to national data from the USA indicating a rate of less than 1%. Furthermore, a decrease in plaque <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic> was observed in PTOR mothers 2\u2005years postpartum, compared with both their baseline carriage and that of the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Infants in the PTOR group also had a lower incidence of early childhood caries, with 18% in the PTOR group vs. 27% in the control group, although this difference was not statistically significant due to the small sample size.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PTOR is associated with sustained oral health benefits and improves dental care utilization by mothers and their infants. Large-scale clinical trials are warranted to validate these study findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2024.1443337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T05:10:31Z","timestamp":1723525831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Maternal and infant oral health benefits from mothers receiving prenatal total oral rehabilitation: a pilot prospective birth cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ruqian","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noha","family":"Rashwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisreen","family":"Al Jallad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TongTong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ZC147","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2017\/24965.9516","article-title":"Estimation of DMFT, salivary Streptococcus mutans count, flow rate, pH, and salivary total calcium content in pregnant and non-pregnant women: a prospective study","volume":"11","author":"Kamate","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12058","article-title":"Oral health and oral diseases in pregnancy: a multicentre survey of Italian postpartum women","volume":"58","author":"Villa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.21649\/akemu.v24i4.2679","article-title":"Effect of atraumatic restorative treatment on Streptococcus mutans count in saliva of pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Asad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann King Edward Med Univ"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e268","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1695003","article-title":"Population-based estimation of dental caries and periodontal disease rates of gravid and recently postpartum women in Lilongwe, Malawi","volume":"9","author":"Antony","year":"2019","journal-title":"AJP Rep"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16870","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96495-1","article-title":"Oral microflora and pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Jang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12294","article-title":"Periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"83","author":"Bobetsis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963956","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.963956","article-title":"Periodontal disease in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: progress in related mechanisms and management strategies","volume":"9","author":"Nannan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(98)00044-3","article-title":"Nutrition and oral health guidelines for pregnant women, infants, and children","volume":"98","author":"Fitzsimons","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e07871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07871","article-title":"Changes in Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans and oral health conditions following prenatal total oral rehabilitation among underserved pregnant women","volume":"7","author":"Jang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trends in oral health status: United States, 1988\u20131994 and 1999\u20132004","author":"Dye","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat 11"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-9668.107257","article-title":"Early childhood caries update: a review of causes, diagnoses, and treatments","volume":"4","author":"Colak","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nat Sci Biol Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2011.0061","article-title":"Assessing the relationship between children\u2019s oral health status and that of their mothers","volume":"142","author":"Dye","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1159\/000495187","article-title":"Prenatal oral health care and early childhood caries prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515573272","article-title":"Global burden of untreated caries: a systematic review and metaregression","volume":"94","author":"Kassebaum","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58487","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058487","article-title":"The dental plaque microbiome in health and disease","volume":"8","author":"Peterson","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e510","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3084","article-title":"Influences on children\u2019s oral health: a conceptual model","volume":"120","author":"Fisher-Owens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0250","article-title":"Beyond the dmft: the human and economic cost of early childhood caries","volume":"140","author":"Casamassimo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"B18","first-page":"257","article-title":"Oral health status of preschool children attending head start in Maryland, 2000","volume":"24","author":"Vargas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2017.02.009","article-title":"Oral health interventions during pregnancy","volume":"61","author":"Iida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345930720010501","article-title":"Initial acquisition of mutans streptococci by infants: evidence for a discrete window of infectivity","volume":"72","author":"Caufield","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-03997-9","article-title":"Metagenomic analysis examines oral microbiome changes and interplay with immune response following prenatal total oral rehabilitation","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16204","DOI":"10.2196\/16204","article-title":"Peditools electronic growth chart calculators: applications in clinical care, research, and quality improvement","volume":"22","author":"Chou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356309011240","article-title":"Periodontal disease in pregnancy I. Prevalence and severity","volume":"21","author":"L\u00f6e","year":"1963","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-013-1406-7","article-title":"Disparities in unmet dental need and dental care received by pregnant women in Maryland","volume":"18","author":"Singhal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-10182007000400002","article-title":"Microbiologic and molecular diagnostic of cariogenic bacteria in pregnant women from the Araucania region of Chile","volume":"24","author":"Herrera","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Chilena Infectol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5171\/2014.506946","article-title":"Salivary flow rate, pH and buffering capacity in pregnant and non pregnant women\u2014a comparative study","volume":"2014","author":"Naveen","year":"2014","journal-title":"JMED Res"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12990\/MDJ2013127","article-title":"Salivary and dental-oral hygiene parameters in 3rd trimester of pregnancy and early lactation: the effect of education","volume":"1","author":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Marmara Dent J"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-009-0297-x","article-title":"An early oral health care program starting during pregnancy: results of a prospective clinical long-term study","volume":"14","author":"Meyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1998.0351","article-title":"Caries prevention during pregnancy: results of a 30-month study","volume":"129","author":"Brambilla","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-017-5914-7","article-title":"Streptococcus mutans adherence and biofilm formation on experimental composites containing dicalcium phosphate dihydrate nanoparticles","volume":"28","author":"Ionescu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-148-1-257","article-title":"Determination of bacterial load by real-time PCR using a broad-range (universal) probe and primers set","volume":"148","author":"Nadkarni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbiology (Reading)"},{"key":"B32","first-page":"35","article-title":"Effect of full mouth rehabilitation on the amount of Streptococcus mutans in children with early childhood caries","volume":"11","author":"Litsas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-263x.1999.00108.x","article-title":"Pre- and post-treatment levels of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in pre-school children","volume":"9","author":"Twetman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652725","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.652725","article-title":"The interactions between Candida albicans and mucosal immunity","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8020053","article-title":"Candida albicans interactions with mucosal surfaces during health and disease","volume":"8","author":"Nikou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B36","first-page":"376","article-title":"Cost-benefit analysis of the age one dental visit for the privately insured","volume":"37","author":"Kolstad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2009.00486.x","article-title":"Linking mother access to dental care and child oral health","volume":"37","author":"Grembowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"B38","first-page":"375","article-title":"Association of mutans streptococci between caregivers and their children","volume":"30","author":"Douglass","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0164242","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164242","article-title":"Candida albicans carriage in children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and maternal relatedness","volume":"11","author":"Xiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1159\/000449040","article-title":"Maternal depression increases childhood dental caries: a cohort study in Brazil","volume":"51","author":"Dos Santos Pinto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2007.00313.x","article-title":"Maternal self-efficacy and 1\u20135-year-old children\u2019s brushing habits","volume":"35","author":"Finlayson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s007840050059","article-title":"Effect on caries experience of a long-term preventive program for mothers and children starting during pregnancy","volume":"2","author":"Gunay","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2007.00414.x","article-title":"Efficacy of an oral health promotion intervention in the prevention of early childhood caries","volume":"36","author":"Plutzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510372891","article-title":"Mothers' caries increases odds of children's caries","volume":"89","author":"Weintraub","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2007.00392.x","article-title":"Relationship between caregiver\u2019s and child\u2019s caries prevalence among disadvantaged African Americans","volume":"36","author":"Reisine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdsr.2023.06.002","article-title":"The contribution of maternal factors to the oral microbiota of the child: influence from early life and clinical relevance","volume":"59","author":"Azevedo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Jpn Dent Sci Rev"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/froh.2024.1443337\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T05:10:38Z","timestamp":1723525838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/froh.2024.1443337\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/froh.2024.1443337"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/froh.2024.1443337","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-4842"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-4842","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"article-number":"1443337"}}