{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:21:54Z","timestamp":1792030914702,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral. Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate dental practitioners\u2019 knowledge and practices regarding Caries risk assessment (CRA) in routine clinical practice in Guangzhou, China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An online questionnaire was disseminated to dental practitioners to gather socio-demographic information, factors associated with CRA, the implementation of preventive treatment, and the level of awareness regarding personalized preventive treatment in relation to CRA. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, ANOVA, MANCOVA, linear regression, and scatter plots.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Out of the 695 dental practitioners who were contacted, 206 dentists participated in the online survey. However, out of the total number of dentists, 198 were successfully recruited, while the remaining 8 dentists had incomplete data in their questionnaires. 92.4% of dentists provided in-office fluoride treatments, and 73.2% held a strong belief in the correlation between current oral hygiene and tooth cavities. 23.7% of dentists evaluated caries risk on an individual basis, and a significant 41.9% never utilized a particular type of CRA. 53.5% of dentists recommended non-prescription fluoride rinses, whereas 51% advocated prescription fluoride treatments. Significant statistical relationships were found between the use of in-office fluoride and the effectiveness of restorative treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, a significant association was discovered between the use of a specific form for CRA and the kind of dental school (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). The study suggests that a significant number of dental practitioners in Guangzhou, China, do not utilize dedicated assessment forms for CRA in their routine professional activities. These findings highlight the im-portance of encouraging dentists to utilize CRA systems to effectively identify patients who are at risk of acquiring dental caries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2024.1458188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T05:10:48Z","timestamp":1729055448000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of caries risk assessment practices among dental practitioners in Guangzhou, China: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ermin","family":"Nie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafiqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31146-8","article-title":"Oral diseases: a global public health challenge","volume":"394","author":"Peres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-3236","article-title":"Dental practitioners\u2019 knowledge, attitude, and practice in caries risk assessment and management: a cross-sectional survey in Kampala Metropolitan, Uganda","volume":"22","author":"Ndagire","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003227","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003227","article-title":"Dentists\u2019 practice patterns regarding caries prevention: results from a dental practice-based research network","volume":"3","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031215","article-title":"Caries risk assessment using the caries management by risk assessment (cambra) protocol among the general population of Sakaka, Saudi Arabia-a cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Iqbal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59091559","article-title":"Dental caries prevention knowledge, attitudes, and practice among patients at a university hospital in Guangzhou, China","volume":"59","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicina (B Aires)"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2014.03.006","article-title":"A best practices approach to caries management","volume":"14","author":"Hurlbutt","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Evid Based Dent Pract"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.15644\/asc54\/2\/7","article-title":"Knowledge and use of caries risk assessment for adult patients Croatian dentists","volume":"54","author":"Mal\u010di\u0107 A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Stomatol Croat"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1080\/19424396.2007.12221274","article-title":"Curing the silent epidemic: caries management in the 21st century and beyond","volume":"35","author":"Young","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Calif Dent Assoc"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2001.65.10.tb03461.x","article-title":"Clinical applications and outcomes of using indicators of risk in caries management","volume":"65","author":"Zero","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12127","article-title":"Dentists\u2019 decisions to conduct caries risk assessment in a dental practice-based research network","volume":"43","author":"Kakudate","year":"2015","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0585-4","article-title":"Are standardized caries risk assessment models effective in assessing actual caries status and future caries increment? A systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Cagetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1159\/000224214","article-title":"Patient caries risk assessment","volume":"21","author":"Twetman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Monogr Oral Sci"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2008.10.003","article-title":"Evidence-based caries, risk assessment, and treatment","volume":"53","author":"Fontana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2007.00004.x","article-title":"The caries management system: an evidence-based preventive strategy for dental practitioners. Application for adults","volume":"53","author":"Evans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1080\/19424396.2007.12221287","article-title":"Consensus statement caries management by risk assessment: implementation guidelines to support oral health","volume":"35","author":"Young","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Calif Dent Assoc"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2005.00233.x","article-title":"Cariogram\u2013a multifactorial risk assessment model for a multifactorial disease","volume":"33","author":"Bratthall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1080\/19424396.2007.12221276","article-title":"Caries risk assessment in practice for age 6 through adult","volume":"35","author":"Featherstone","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Calif Dent Assoc"},{"key":"B18","first-page":"157","article-title":"Guideline on caries-risk assessment and management for infants, children, and adolescents","volume":"35","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2006.0380","article-title":"Assessing patients\u2019 caries risk","volume":"137","author":"Fontana","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12003","article-title":"Evidence on existing caries risk assessment systems: are they predictive of future caries?","volume":"41","author":"Tellez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04694-5","article-title":"Caries risk assessment-related knowledge, attitude, and behaviors among Chinese dentists: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"27","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"B22","first-page":"77","article-title":"Perception of dentists about caries-risk assessment tools in Jaipur, India: a cross-sectional study","volume":"7","author":"Nagaraj","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Int Oral Health"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e017","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0017","article-title":"Caries risk assessment in dental practices by dentists from a Brazilian community","volume":"35","author":"Tagliaferro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz Oral Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1932-y","article-title":"Knowledge, opinions and practices of French general practitioners in the assessment of caries risk: results of a national survey","volume":"21","author":"Dom\u00e9jean","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-15-S1-S12","article-title":"Prevention in practice\u2013a summary","volume":"15","author":"Birch","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"B26","first-page":"353","article-title":"Dental hygienists\u2019 knowledge, attitudes and practice behaviors regarding caries risk assessment and management","volume":"87","author":"Francisco","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dent Hyg"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E18","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2012.498","article-title":"What factors influence the provision of preventive care by general dental practitioners?","volume":"212","author":"Sbaraini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595x.2005.tb00321.x","article-title":"Oral health knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of adults in China","volume":"55","author":"Zhu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"B29","first-page":"230","article-title":"Dentists\u2019 use of caries risk assessment in children: findings from the dental practice-based research network","volume":"58","author":"Riley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen Dent"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2011.00626.x","article-title":"Dentists\u2019 use of caries risk assessment and individualized caries prevention for their adult patients: findings from the dental practice-based research network","volume":"39","author":"Riley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-017-2075-5","article-title":"The caries preventive effect of 1-year use of low-dose xylitol chewing gum. A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial in high-caries-risk adults","volume":"21","author":"Cocco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2018.05.014","article-title":"The role of fluoride in the prevention of tooth decay","volume":"65","author":"Pollick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-019-0752-2","article-title":"Oral health status among visually impaired schoolchildren in Northeast China","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.12114","article-title":"Evidence-practice gap for in-office fluoride application in a dental practice-based research network","volume":"76","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Public Health Dent"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2010.00547.x","article-title":"Preferences for caries prevention agents in adult patients: findings from the dental practice-based research network","volume":"38","author":"Riley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2147\/CCIDE.S55761","article-title":"The effect of xylitol on dental caries and oral flora","volume":"6","author":"Nayak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dent"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e604","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.52890","article-title":"Prevention of dental caries: a review of effective treatments","volume":"8","author":"Sicca","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dent"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3290\/j.qi.a38353","article-title":"Chlorhexidine mouthwash as an anticaries agent: a systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Coelho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657518","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2021.657518","article-title":"Evidence-based caries management for all ages-practical guidelines","volume":"2","author":"Featherstone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oral Health"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740920","article-title":"Caries risk documentation and prevention: eMeasures for dental electronic health records","volume":"13","author":"Bangar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Clin Inform"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12051083","article-title":"Application and performance of artificial intelligence technology in detection, diagnosis and prediction of dental caries (DC)\u2014a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Khanagar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/froh.2024.1458188\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T05:10:52Z","timestamp":1729055452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/froh.2024.1458188\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/froh.2024.1458188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/froh.2024.1458188","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-4842"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-4842","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"article-number":"1458188"}}