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In this review, we will review the relevant roles that oral-gut microbial homeostasis plays in the pathogenesis of oral mucosal diseases and provide evidence for dysregulation of microbial homeostasis in patients with oral mucosal diseases, and explore specific probiotic strains by regulating oral and intestinal axis microbial homeostasis and host immune and inflammatory responses, in order to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of oral mucosal diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2025.1485028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T05:28:18Z","timestamp":1755754098000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Microbiological mechanisms of oral mucosal disease: oral-intestinal crosstalk and probiotic 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