{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:28:40Z","timestamp":1787027320114,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction and Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The current study explores the synergistic effects of icariin, a flavonoid found in plants of the genus\n                      <jats:italic>Epimedium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , in ombination with selected antifungal agents, against\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This flavonoid significantly enhanced the\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      effect of fluconazole, by decreasing the minimum inhibitory concentration against\n                      <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . This effect was also observed when combining icariin with ketoconazole and itraconazole of the azole family respectively. Interestingly, no activity-enhancing effect was observed when icariin was combined with other classes of antifungals, such as amphotericin B or caspofungin.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conclude that icariin may increase the sensitivity of\n                      <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      to azoles via a cell membrane mediated mechanism, based on our results from FUN-1 microscopy and coincubation with cell wall and cell membrane stressors. Further research is required to explore these effects in clinical isolates, particularly fluconazole-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with a view towards the clinical application of icariin as a co-adjuvant in antifungal azole therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2025.1517210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T09:24:52Z","timestamp":1739438692000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Unveiling the synergistic effect of icariin and azole drugs on Candida 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