{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:31:42Z","timestamp":1753893102927,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to compare the dimensional and positional osseous features of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion, female patients without temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), and those with TMDs presenting as disc displacement with\/without reduction (DDR\/DDWR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion and average vertical facial pattern (Mandibular plane inclination\u2009=\u200937\u2009\u00b1\u20095\u00b0) were categorized into the TMD group comprising patients with DDR\/DDWR and the non-TMD group. Three-dimensional standardized TMJ analysis was performed using cone-beam computed tomography, which included assessments of the mandibular fossa (MF), mandibular condyle, TMJ spaces, and vertical and anteroposterior intra-joint condylar positions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The MF location in the DDR\/DDWR group was significantly more superior (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001) and anterior (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012) relative to the respective planes. The MF width was significantly lesser (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) with a steeper (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001) anterior wall inclination in the DDR\/DDWR group than in the non-TMD. The mandibular condyles were located significantly more laterally (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016), at a greater distance from the midsagittal plane, in the DDR\/DDWR group than in the non-TMD. The anterior and medial joint spaces were significantly larger (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001) and the intra-joint condylar positions were more posterior and superior (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001) in the DDR\/DDWR group than in the non-TMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The positional and dimensional osseous characteristics of the TMJ differed significantly between patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion without TMDs and those with DDR or DDWR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2025.1572305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T05:28:39Z","timestamp":1747286919000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Positional and dimensional osseous characteristics of the temporomandibular joint in female patients with skeletal class III malocclusion and disc displacement, with and without reduction"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Abeer A.","family":"Almashraqi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amira A.","family":"Aboalnaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maged S.","family":"Alhammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mona M.","family":"Salah Fayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/ors.12473","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders: a review of current concepts in aetiology, diagnosis and management","volume":"13","author":"Kapos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral Surg"},{"volume-title":"Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion-E-book","year":"2019","author":"Okeson","key":"B2"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2015.07.017","article-title":"Prevalence of clinical signs of intra-articular temporomandibular disorders in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"147","author":"da Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12661","article-title":"Gender differences in temporomandibular disorders in adult populational studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Bueno","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.11607\/jop.1151","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC\/TMD) for clinical and research applications: recommendations of the international RDC\/TMD consortium network* and orofacial pain special interest group\u2020","volume":"28","author":"Schiffman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Oral Facial Pain Headache"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2019.1703160","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of chronic qat chewing on lateral pterygoid muscle using MRI","volume":"40","author":"Almashraqi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2018.05.005","article-title":"An MRI evaluation of the effects of qat chewing habit on the temporomandibular joint","volume":"126","author":"Almashraqi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2942","article-title":"Dimensional and positional associations between the mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa: a three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography-based study","volume":"21","author":"Almashraqi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02720-w","article-title":"Three dimensional evaluation of the skeletal and temporomandibular joint changes following stabilization splint therapy in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders and mandibular deviation: a retrospective study","volume":"23","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-04963-x","article-title":"Quantitative and qualitative condylar changes following stabilization splint therapy in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders","volume":"27","author":"Musa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2016.02.001","article-title":"Comprehensive three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography analysis of the temporomandibular joint in different vertical skeletal facial patterns","volume":"5","author":"Alhammadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J World Fed Orthod"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2016.07.001","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of temporomandibular joints in skeletal class I, class II, and class III malocclusions: cone beam computed tomography analysis","volume":"5","author":"Alhammadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J World Fed Orthod"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2014.08.005","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint measurements in normal occlusion: a three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography analysis","volume":"3","author":"Alhammadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J World Fed Orthod"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3126","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-10248-4","article-title":"Recommendations for standard criteria for the positional and morphological evaluation of temporomandibular joint osseous structures using cone-beam CT: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Almashraqi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2017.1299830","article-title":"Three-dimensional mandibular motion in skeletal class III patients","volume":"36","author":"Ugolini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02788-4","article-title":"Comprehensive positional and morphological assessments of the temporomandibular joint in adolescents with skeletal class III malocclusion: a retrospective CBCT study","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1179\/crn.2012.018","article-title":"The relationship between malocclusion, benign joint hypermobility syndrome, condylar position and TMD symptoms","volume":"30","author":"Barrera-Mora","year":"2012","journal-title":"CRANIO\u00ae"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5011","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-05120-0","article-title":"Dimensional and positional temporomandibular joint osseous characteristics in normodivergent facial patterns with and without temporomandibular disorders","volume":"27","author":"Alhammadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s11282-019-00415-z","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of temporomandibular joint in Chinese adults with normal occlusion and harmonious skeleton","volume":"36","author":"Abdulqader","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral Radiol"},{"volume-title":"Three-dimensional Cephalometry: A Color Atlas and Manual","year":"2005","author":"Swennen","key":"B20"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(86)90270-7","article-title":"Variation in condyle-fossa relationships according to different methods of evaluation in tomograms","volume":"62","author":"Pullinger","year":"1986","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13051365","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the global prevalence of temporomandibular disorders","volume":"13","author":"Zieli\u0144ski","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/2196-1042-14-36","article-title":"Spatial analysis of condyle position according to sagittal skeletal relationship, assessed by cone beam computed tomography","volume":"14","author":"Arieta-Miranda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2017.09.007","article-title":"Association between condylar position and vertical skeletal craniofacial morphology: a cone beam computed tomography study","volume":"15","author":"Paknahad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Orthod"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2015.45.2.66","article-title":"Three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography based comparison of condylar position and morphology according to the vertical skeletal pattern","volume":"45","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.05.024","article-title":"Condyle and fossa shape in class II and class III skeletal patterns: a morphometric tomographic study","volume":"128","author":"Katsavrias","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"B27","first-page":"32","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of TMJ parameters in class II and class III patients","volume":"11","author":"Krisjane","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stomatologija"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/ortho\/28.2.119","article-title":"Morphology of the temporomandibular joint in skeletal class iii symmetrical and asymmetrical cases: a study by cephalometric laminography","volume":"28","author":"Akahane","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orthod"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.07.030","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint and normal occlusion: is there anything singular about it? A computed tomographic evaluation","volume":"140","author":"Vitral","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2001.11746146","article-title":"The growth of articular eminence height during craniofacial growth period","volume":"19","author":"Katsavrias","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1043\/0003-3219(2002)072%3C0258:CIAEID%3E2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Changes in articular eminence inclination during the craniofacial growth period","volume":"72","author":"Katsavrias","year":"2002","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.dmfr.4600398","article-title":"Validity of computed tomography in imaging thin walls of the temporal bone","volume":"28","author":"Ahlqvist","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-3441","article-title":"Dimensional and positional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint of skeletal class II malocclusion with and without temporomandibular disorders","volume":"23","author":"Alhammadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(98)90117-2","article-title":"Steepness of articular eminence and movement of the condyle and disk in asymptomatic temporomandibular joints","volume":"86","author":"Isberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-160X-8-34","article-title":"Condylar volume and condylar area in class I, class II and class III young adult subjects","volume":"8","author":"Saccucci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1179\/2151090315Y.0000000002","article-title":"CBCT analysis of bony changes associated with temporomandibular disorders","volume":"34","author":"Talaat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90929410","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/90929410","article-title":"Relationship between the thickness of the roof of glenoid fossa, condyle morphology and remaining teeth in asymptomatic European patients based on cone beam CT data sets","volume":"42","author":"Ejima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.30476\/DENTJODS.2019.44906","article-title":"Comparison between glenoid fossa roof thickness in TMD and non-TMD patients, a CBCT study","volume":"20","author":"Khojastepour","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Dent (Shiraz)"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.01.005","article-title":"Association between mandibular condylar position and clinical dysfunction index","volume":"43","author":"Paknahad","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/102946","article-title":"Comparative assessment of condylar position in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and asymptomatic patients using cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"56","author":"Shokri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dent Med Probl"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84227642","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/84227642","article-title":"Disc displacement and changes in condylar position","volume":"42","author":"Ikeda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2008.02.011","article-title":"Analysis of magnetic resonance imaging characteristics and pain in temporomandibular joints with and without degenerative changes of the condyle","volume":"37","author":"Campos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/froh.2025.1572305\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T05:28:43Z","timestamp":1747286923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/froh.2025.1572305\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/froh.2025.1572305"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/froh.2025.1572305","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-4842"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2673-4842"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"article-number":"1572305"}}