{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T14:53:25Z","timestamp":1775487205081,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the associations between solid fuel use and oral health and the mediating effects of depressive symptom.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>64,521 Indian adults were included in this study. Binary logistic regression was performed to evaluate the associations of solid fuel use with tooth loss, dental cavity, and periodontal disease. Mediating analysis was used to investigate the effects of depressive symptom on the associations between solid fuel use and oral health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants who claimed solid fuel use for cooking exhibited an increased risk of periodontal disease (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.29\u20131.42) after adjusting for potential confounders. There were no significant associations of solid cooking fuel with tooth loss and dental caries. 7.89% of the relationship between solid fuel use and periodontal disease was mediated by depressive symptom.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of solid cooking fuel is associated with the increased prevalence of periodontal disease. Depressive symptom mediates the relationship between solid fuel use and periodontal disease. In the management of oral heath, the adverse impact of solid fuel use should be considered. Future studies should further clarify the mechanisms underlying the association between solid fuel and periodontal disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2025.1583685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T06:05:52Z","timestamp":1753077952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The association between solid fuel use and oral health: the mediating effect of depressive symptom"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ai-ping","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mao-Sheng","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Ze21","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2017\/25866.10110","article-title":"Oral health and quality of life: current concepts","volume":"11","author":"Baiju","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520908533","article-title":"Global, regional, and national levels and trends in burden of oral conditions from 1990 to 2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease 2017 study","volume":"99","author":"Bernabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13506","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of severe periodontitis, 1990\u20132019: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"133","article-title":"Household air pollution from solid cookfuels and its effects on health","volume-title":"Injury Prevention and Environmental Health","author":"Smith","year":"2017"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145395","article-title":"Indoor solid fuel use and incident arthritis among middle-aged and older adults in rural China: a nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"772","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154958","article-title":"Lower socioeconomic status strengthens the effect of cooking fuel use on anemia risk and anemia-related parameters: findings from the Henan rural cohort","volume":"831","author":"Sheikh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67002","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP5907","article-title":"Household fuel use and the risk of gastrointestinal cancers: the Golestan cohort study","volume":"128","author":"Islam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23899","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23899","article-title":"Association of household fuel use with hypertension and blood pressure among adult women in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study","volume":"35","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02840-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of household air pollution, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"405","author":"Bennitt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-017-4606-8","article-title":"Concentration-dependent effects of PM(2.5) mass on expressions of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines in nasal mucosa of rats with allergic rhinitis","volume":"274","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13910","article-title":"Are periodontitis and dental caries associated? 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