{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:24:11Z","timestamp":1774542251569,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting nearly 50% of the global population, has been increasingly linked to depression, a prevalent psychiatric disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to explore the association between periodontitis and depression, from 2000 to 2024 via the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Bibliometric parameters were extracted and bibliometric analysis was conducted via VOSviewer, and CiteSpace software.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 205 publications, comprising 173 original articles and 32 reviews, were analyzed via VOSviewer and CiteSpace, with a focus on countries, institutions, authors, journals, keywords, and citations. The results revealed a significant increase in publications, with notable contributions from China, the USA, and Brazil, accounting for 43.9% of all studies. The collaborative networks highlight the growing interdisciplinary nature of this field. \u201cDepression\u201d (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200971), \u201cdisease\u201d (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200966), \u201cassociation\u201d (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200950), \u201coral health\u201d (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200947) and \u201cstress\u201d (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200937) were the most frequent keywords, reflecting current research hotspots. Through the time map analysis of keyword clustering, we found that the research hotspots gradually changed from \u201crisk factors\u201d, \u201cchronic periodontitis\u201d and \u201cpsychosocial factors\u201d to \u201cinflammation\u201d, \u201cAlzheimer's disease\u201d and \u201csmoking\u201d and other keywords. Keyword analyses identify emerging research hotspots, including the interplay of stress, anxiety, and inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The number of related studies on periodontitis and depression continues to increase. The analysis of countries, authors and keywords reveals development trends, collaboration opportunities, and priority themes such as psychosocial factors and systemic inflammation. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for future research on periodontitis and depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2025.1588737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T05:32:30Z","timestamp":1751002350000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Interdisciplinary research on periodontitis and depression: a bibliometric analysis of research trends, hotspots and future directions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiye","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fushen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangyi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60692-4","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2013","volume":"386","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512457373","article-title":"Prevalence of periodontitis in adults in the United States: 2009 and 2010","volume":"91","author":"Eke","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S162","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12946","article-title":"Periodontitis: consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 world workshop on the classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions","volume":"45","author":"Papapanou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-019-0054-1","article-title":"Periodontitis-induced systemic inflammation exacerbates atherosclerosis partly via endothelial-mesenchymal transition in mice","volume":"11","author":"Suh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.4500","article-title":"Association of cannabis use in adolescence and risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidality in young adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Gobbi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4511","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05115-3","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in young subjects with periodontal disease","volume":"42","author":"Hategan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4524","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13154524","article-title":"Periodontitis and depressive disorders: the effects of antidepressant drugs on the periodontium in clinical and preclinical models: a narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Taccardi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21917","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72297-z","article-title":"Association of periodontitis with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with depression: a population-based study","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3723","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153723","article-title":"The possible causal link of periodontitis to neuropsychiatric disorders: more than psychosocial mechanisms","volume":"20","author":"Hashioka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050817-084811","article-title":"Risk factors for depression: an autobiographical review","volume":"14","author":"Hammen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2347","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002347","article-title":"Association of periodontitis and subsequent depression: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"94","author":"Hsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2006.00282.x","article-title":"A community study on the relationship between stress, coping, affective dispositions and periodontal attachment loss","volume":"34","author":"Ng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15020152","article-title":"Inflammation: depression fans the flames and feasts on the heat","volume":"172","author":"Kiecolt-Glaser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2660","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26062660","article-title":"Noradrenaline synergistically enhances porphyromonas gingivalis lps and omv-induced interleukin-1\u03b2 production in bv-2 microglia through differential mechanisms","author":"Muramoto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2015.140706","article-title":"Effect of fluoxetine on periodontal status in patients with depression: a cross-sectional observational study","volume":"86","author":"Bhatia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.19-0569","article-title":"Protective effects of desipramine on alveolar bone in experimental periodontitis","volume":"91","author":"Branco-de-Almeida","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2006.00935.x","article-title":"Enhanced susceptibility to periodontitis in an animal model of depression: reversed by chronic treatment with the anti-depressant tianeptine","volume":"33","author":"Breivik","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-009-0146-3","article-title":"Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping","volume":"84","author":"van Eck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.171582","article-title":"Bibliometrics: tracking research impact by selecting the appropriate metrics","volume":"18","author":"Agarwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12563","article-title":"The top 100 most-cited papers in paediatric dentistry journals: a bibliometric analysis","volume":"29","author":"Perazzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00259","article-title":"Publication trends for Alzheimer\u2019s disease worldwide and in China: a 30-year bibliometric analysis","volume":"13","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"B22","first-page":"724","article-title":"Citespace ii: visualization and knowledge discovery in bibliographic databases","volume":"2005","author":"Synnestvedt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Amia Annu Symp Proc"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21309","article-title":"The structure and dynamics of cocitation clusters: a multiple-perspective cocitation analysis","volume":"61","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Soc Inf Sci Technol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.080334","article-title":"Stress, depression, cortisol, and periodontal disease","volume":"80","author":"Rosania","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00347","article-title":"Depression and inflammatory periodontal disease considerations-an interdisciplinary approach","volume":"7","author":"Dumitrescu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00483","article-title":"Implications of systemic inflammation and periodontitis for major depression","volume":"12","author":"Hashioka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03213-5","article-title":"Microglial morphological\/inflammatory phenotypes and endocannabinoid signaling in a preclinical model of periodontitis and depression","volume":"21","author":"Robledo-Monta\u00f1a","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04111-3","article-title":"The clinical association between periodontitis and COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-021-2656-1","article-title":"The impact of oral health status on COVID-19 severity, recovery period and c-reactive protein values","author":"Kamel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12036","article-title":"Role of chronic stress and depression in periodontal diseases","volume":"64","author":"Warren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2022.2163613","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026457","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1026457","article-title":"Association between porphyromonas gingivalis and systemic diseases: focus on t cells-mediated adaptive immunity","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606986","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.606986","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide preparation derived from porphyromonas gingivalis induces a weaker immuno-inflammatory response in bv-2 microglial cells than escherichia coli by differentially activating tlr2\/4-mediated nf-\u03bab\/stat3 signaling pathways","volume":"11","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2814","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0545-z","article-title":"Increased root canal endotoxin levels are associated with chronic apical periodontitis, increased oxidative and nitrosative stress, major depression, severity of depression, and a lowered quality of life","volume":"55","author":"Gomes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-1052-x","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induces cognitive dysfunction, mediated by neuronal inflammation via activation of the tlr4 signaling pathway in c57bl\/6 mice","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11759","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12173-1","article-title":"Infection of microglia with porphyromonas gingivalis promotes cell migration and an inflammatory response through the gingipain-mediated activation of protease-activated receptor-2 in mice","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2004.01.004","article-title":"The influence of systemic inflammation on inflammation in the brain: implications for chronic neurodegenerative disease","volume":"18","author":"Perry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00488-6","article-title":"Local and systemic mechanisms linking periodontal disease and inflammatory comorbidities","volume":"21","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2406269","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202406269","article-title":"Microglial dbp signaling mediates behavioral abnormality induced by chronic periodontitis in mice","volume":"11","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2016_37","article-title":"Immune-to-brain communication pathways in inflammation-associated sickness and depression","volume":"31","author":"D'Mello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Top Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9110944","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis and its systemic impact: current status","volume":"9","author":"Mei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.111.005108","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"64","author":"Autry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14111137","article-title":"Association between the enriched environment level and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) in patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"14","author":"Vega-Rosas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.07.012","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis induces depression via downregulating p75ntr-mediated bdnf maturation in astrocytes","volume":"81","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13420","article-title":"Periodontal diseases and depression: a pre-clinical in vivo study","volume":"48","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00430","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: a bridge between inflammation and neuroplasticity","volume":"8","author":"Calabrese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.12.004","article-title":"Hpa axis and aging in depression: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Belvederi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.11.029","article-title":"Inflammation and its discontents: the role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of major depression","volume":"65","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01309.x","article-title":"Association of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels in serum with periodontal status in older Japanese adults","volume":"35","author":"Ishisaka","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.03.016","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory mechanism of antidepressants - ssris, snris","volume":"80","author":"Ga\u0142ecki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12377","article-title":"The effects of providing periodontal disease risk information on psychological outcomes - a randomized controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Asimakopoulou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781582","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2021.781582","article-title":"Oral-gut-brain axis in experimental models of periodontitis: associating gut dysbiosis with neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"2","author":"Sansores-Espa\u00f1a","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Aging"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13151","article-title":"Epigenetic and inflammatory events in experimental periodontitis following systemic microbial challenge","volume":"46","author":"Palioto","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487741","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2018.1487741","article-title":"Defining the gut microbiota in individuals with periodontal diseases: an exploratory study","volume":"10","author":"Louren\u03c2o","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Oral Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/froh.2025.1588737\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T05:32:30Z","timestamp":1751002350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/froh.2025.1588737\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/froh.2025.1588737"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/froh.2025.1588737","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-4842"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-4842","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"article-number":"1588737"}}