{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T21:48:55Z","timestamp":1787867335603,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral Health"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n The relationship between asthma and oral health has garnered increasing attention due to overlapping risk factors, such as altered immune responses and behavioral changes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To assess and compare the oral health status of children with bronchial asthma to their healthy siblings and unrelated healthy controls in the Qassim region, KSA.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n 180 participants were included in the present study and were divided into 3 groups as follows: Group A: 60 children with confirmed diagnosis of long-standing bronchial asthma, group B: 60 healthy subjects who served as a negative control group, group C: 60 healthy siblings of asthmatic children served as a Sibling control group (participants had the same dietary patterns and socioeconomic standards as participants of group A). Dental caries were assessed using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (dmft\/DMFT) index, which is a standardized and widely used measure of Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth in dental epidemiology. Gingival health was evaluated via the Gingival Index (GI).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n analysis was applied to evaluate the differences between the 3 studied groups regarding DMF score and gingival index and all these differences were found to be highly significant. Patients with bronchial asthma (Group A) were further subdivided into 3 subgroups according to severity of asthma (25 patients had mild asthma, 23 patients had moderate asthma, and 12 patients had severe asthma) based on GINA guidelines. Strikingly, all the differences between these 3 subgroups regarding demographic data, DMF score and gingival index were all insignificant. Further evaluation of each subgroup was done by applying\n post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n analysis and each of the 3 subgroups was found to be significantly different than the positive and negative control groups regarding DMF score and gingival index.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Bronchial asthma has direct and indirect effect (related to drug therapy) on oral health. Dealing with some modifiable cofactors could be helpful in improving oral health in children with asthma.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2025.1594568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T05:38:19Z","timestamp":1756877899000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of severity of bronchial asthma on oral health in children"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Murad","family":"Alrashdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alyahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"Global Initiative for Asthma","year":"2024"},{"key":"B2","first-page":"e123","article-title":"Global and regional burden of asthma in children","volume":"12","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"821","article-title":"Global asthma prevalence and trends","volume":"75","author":"Asher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"947","article-title":"Oral health in patients with asthma","volume":"30","author":"Von B\u00fcltzingsl\u00f6wen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"345","article-title":"Asthma management and oral health: a review","volume":"58","author":"Kajiwara","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"121","article-title":"Caries experience in asthmatic children","volume":"45","author":"Sagheri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"B7","first-page":"661","article-title":"The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health","volume":"83","author":"Petersen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"B8","first-page":"553","article-title":"Impact of inhalers on oral health","volume":"222","author":"O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"B9","first-page":"411","article-title":"Salivary changes in asthmatic children using corticosteroids","volume":"20","author":"Reddy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2010.07.006","article-title":"Oral health of children with respiratory diseases","volume":"11","author":"Widmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"key":"B11","first-page":"923","article-title":"Dental care for children with asthma","volume":"55","author":"Takemoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"B12","first-page":"517","article-title":"Asthma severity and dental implications","volume":"50","author":"McDonnell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"B13","first-page":"128","article-title":"Chronic diseases and quality of life in children","volume":"34","author":"Khatri","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Health Care"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2005.00259.x","article-title":"For debate: problems with the DMF index pertinent to dental caries data analysis","volume":"33","author":"Broadbent","year":"2005","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356309011240","article-title":"Periodontal disease in pregnancy","volume":"21","author":"L\u00f6e","year":"1963","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"B16","article-title":"Asthma: diagnosis, monitoring and chronic asthma management","year":""},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901046","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01046-2019","article-title":"GINA 2019: a fundamental change in asthma management: treatment of asthma with short-acting bronchodilators alone is no longer recommended for adults and adolescents","volume":"53","author":"Reddel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x","article-title":"Asthma and oral health: a review","volume":"55","author":"Thomas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.4103\/ejd.ejd_65_17","article-title":"Assessment of the oral health status of asthmatic children","volume":"11","author":"Arafa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601610010587","article-title":"Dental erosion and dentin hypersensitivity among adult asthmatics and non-asthmatics hospital-based: a preliminary study","volume":"10","author":"Farag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Dent J"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12948-020-00137-2","article-title":"Oral health in asthmatic patients: a review: asthma and its therapy may impact on oral health","volume":"18","author":"Gani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Mol Allergy"},{"key":"B22","first-page":"102","article-title":"Childhood asthma and dental erosion","volume":"67","author":"Shaw","year":"2000","journal-title":"ASDC J Dent Child"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-263X.2003.00497.x","article-title":"Asthma and tooth erosion is there an association?","volume":"13","author":"Dugmore","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-2012-z","article-title":"Prevalence of erosive lesions with respect to risk factors in a young adult population in Poland-a cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Stru\u017cycka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2017.160414","article-title":"Risk of periodontal disease in patients with asthma: a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"88","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Periodontol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/froh.2025.1594568\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T05:38:21Z","timestamp":1756877901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/froh.2025.1594568\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/froh.2025.1594568"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/froh.2025.1594568","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-4842"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-4842","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"article-number":"1594568"}}