{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:02:05Z","timestamp":1791237725459,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Virtual reality haptic simulator (VRHS)-training devices that integrate visual immersion with tactile feedback- are increasingly used in dental education, yet their application in periodontics remains limited. Sonic scaling requires high tactile precision and control, making it a suitable domain for evaluating VRHS efficacy. This study assessed faculty perceptions and performance using VRHS for preclinical periodontal training compared with conventional simulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A quasi-experimental, repeated-measures study was conducted with 30 calibrated faculty members (15 periodontists; 15 general dentists) from the European University of Valencia. Each participant performed standardized calculus removal tasks using both the Simodont\u00ae dental trainer and conventional mannequin-based models. Objective outcomes\u2014treatment time, residual calculus, and tip angulation\u2014were recorded, and perceptions were collected through a 14-item Likert questionnaire and open-ended questions adapted from Philip et al. (2023) and Bakr et al. (2016).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Treatment time was significantly shorter in conventional training (26.7% completed &amp;lt;2\u2005min) compared with VRHS (13.3%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.033). VRHS achieved higher residual calculus scores (3.00\u2009\u00b1\u20090.00 vs. 2.75\u2009\u00b1\u20090.21;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and improved tip angulation (2.68\u2009\u00b1\u20090.36 vs. 2.51\u2009\u00b1\u20090.44;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015). Within VRHS, periodontists outperformed general dentists in angulation (2.85\u2009\u00b1\u20090.18 vs. 2.52\u2009\u00b1\u20090.42;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.010), though no other group differences were significant. Satisfaction scores were high (mean\u2009=\u20094.16\u2009\u00b1\u20090.45), and internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.73). Faculty valued repetition, feedback, and confidence building but noted limited realism\u2014particularly the absence of water, soft tissues, and subgingival calculus.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VRHS improved precision and consistency in preclinical scaling while requiring longer completion times. Faculty endorsed its educational value as a complementary tool to conventional training. Continued refinement in tactile realism and broader multicenter validation are needed to consolidate its integration into periodontal education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2025.1719790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T06:27:00Z","timestamp":1765780020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Application of virtual reality haptic simulators in periodontics: insights from dental professionals"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Santiago","family":"Arias-Herrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaraida","family":"Catala-Oriola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joao","family":"Firmino-Canhoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anabel","family":"Gramatges-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Florencia","family":"Sittoni-Pino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicla","family":"Flacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12521","article-title":"Success of supportive periodontal therapy in periodontitis patients\u2014a retrospective analysis","volume":"20","author":"Schoenmakers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Dent Hyg"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12065","article-title":"An initial assessment of haptics in preclinical operative dentistry training","volume":"6","author":"Koo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Investig Clin Dent"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-017-5802-8","article-title":"Convergent validation and transfer of learning studies of a virtual reality-based pattern cutting simulator","volume":"32","author":"Nemani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.13619","article-title":"The impact of virtual reality simulation on dental education: a systematic review of learning outcomes and student engagement","volume":"88","author":"Algarni","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2017.06.005","article-title":"Observational learning during simulation-based training in arthroscopy: is it useful to novices?","volume":"75","author":"LeBel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Surg Educ"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.21815\/JDE.017.075","article-title":"Effectiveness of standardized patient simulations in teaching clinical communication skills to dental students","volume":"81","author":"McKenzie","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.13082","article-title":"A complex haptic exercise to predict pre-clinic operative dentistry performance: a prospective study","volume":"86","author":"Urbankova","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.21815\/JDE.019.113","article-title":"Jumpstart mirror trainer: a new device for teaching mirror skills to first-year dental students","volume":"83","author":"McClure","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.00928","article-title":"Training and transfer effect of FluoroSim, an augmented reality fluoroscopic simulator for dynamic hip screw guidewire insertion","volume":"101","author":"Sugand","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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