{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T08:01:55Z","timestamp":1773820915162,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conflicting evidence has shown a connection between tooth loss, periodontitis, and increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI); thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify this association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE (up to March 2025) were searched. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included. Fully-adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with the most severe form of periodontitis or tooth loss were pooled with a random effects model using STATA 18\/MP software. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to elucidate possible heterogeneity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The meta-analysis of five studies showed that neither periodontitis nor tooth loss substantially increased MCI risk after full adjustment, with pooled aORs of 1.27 (95% CI: 0.87\u20131.86,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200963.9%) and 1.22 (95% CI: 0.97\u20131.54,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200953.8%), respectively. A significant association was found between periodontitis and MCI with low heterogeneity in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-American Academy of Periodontology diagnostic criteria for periodontitis subgroup (aOR of 2.78, 95%CI 1.54\u20135.02,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0%) and between MCI and significant tooth loss (aOR of 1.50, 95%CI 1.15\u20135.95,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0%). The sensitivity result confirmed the robustness of the results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, periodontitis and tooth loss were not statistically associated with increased MCI risk. Whereas the association between severe periodontitis and significant tooth loss and MCI was statistically significant. Thus, severe periodontitis and significant tooth loss were linked to decreased cognitive function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO CRD420251055491.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2026.1710871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T07:01:06Z","timestamp":1773817266000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of tooth loss in patients with periodontitis and the risk of mild cognitive impairment"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Congcong","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"Anesthesia and Surgery Center of West China Xiamen Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Xiamen, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haibei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"Anesthesia and Surgery Center of West China Xiamen Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Xiamen, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"Anesthesia and Surgery Center of West China Xiamen Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Xiamen, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12190","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment: a concept in evolution","volume":"275","author":"Petersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102335","article-title":"Overlooked cases of mild cognitive impairment: implications to early Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"98","author":"Maamoon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000034176.07159.F8","article-title":"Incidence and outcome of mild cognitive impairment in a population-based prospective cohort","volume":"59","author":"Larrieu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1159\/000535776","article-title":"Association between periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000249117.23318.e1","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment","volume":"67","author":"Busse","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000263132.99055.0d","article-title":"CIND And MCI in the Italian elderly: frequency, vascular risk factors, progression to dementia","volume":"68","author":"Di Carlo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181cdee4f","article-title":"Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment by multiple classifications: the Monongahela-Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team (MYHAT) project","volume":"18","author":"Ganguli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f11d85","article-title":"Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment is higher in men. 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