{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:57:30Z","timestamp":1790351850266,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral health is an essential component of overall well-being. Despite ongoing public health education efforts, childhood dental caries remain highly prevalent in Indonesia, particularly in resource-limited school settings. Teachers play a strategic role as change agents in shaping children's oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors; however, their capacity to deliver effective oral health education is often underdeveloped. This study evaluated the impact of multimedia-assisted training and microteaching on teachers' facilitation, and its subsequent effect on students' oral health status and oral health\u2013related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was employed involving 582 primary school students and 16 teachers from public elementary schools in Pohuwato District, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Teachers were allocated into two intervention groups: (1) multimedia training combined with microteaching (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098) and (2) multimedia training only (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098). Students' oral health outcomes were assessed over a six-month period using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S). Teachers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices were evaluated using validated questionnaires. Qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions with teachers in the multimedia\u2009+\n                      <jats:sans-serif>\u2009microteaching<\/jats:sans-serif>\n                      group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both intervention groups demonstrated significant improvements in students' OHI-S and DMFT scores (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), with the multimedia\u2009+\n                      <jats:sans-serif>\u2009microteaching<\/jats:sans-serif>\n                      group showing superior outcomes. Teachers\u2019 knowledge and instructional performance improved significantly following the intervention (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). Qualitative findings indicated that microteaching enhanced teachers' confidence, consistency, and creativity in delivering oral health education, contributing to more sustained behavioral change among students.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Integrating multimedia training with microteaching strengthens teachers' pedagogical competence and leads to measurable improvements in students' oral hygiene and oral health\u2013related behaviors. This school-based approach offers a replicable and scalable model for oral health promotion in low-resource educational settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2026.1728222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T06:36:25Z","timestamp":1770359785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Integrating multimedia training and microteaching in school-based oral health promotion: a mixed-methods study among primary school teachers and students in Gorontalo, Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Selviawaty Sarifuddin","family":"Panna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University","place":["Makassar, Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayub Irmadani","family":"Anwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University","place":["Makassar, Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irfan","family":"Sugianto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departement of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University","place":["Makassar, Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ichlas Nanang","family":"Afandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University","place":["Makassar, Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marhamah Firman","family":"Singgih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University","place":["Makassar, Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurlinda","family":"Hamrun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University","place":["Makassar, Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"160972","article-title":"Global oral health challenges and policy implications","volume":"68","author":"Abuhaloob","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Ending Childhood Dental Caries: WHO Implementation Manual","year":"2019"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"689747","article-title":"Prevention of dental caries through schoolbased oral health promotion","volume":"2","author":"Petersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oral Health"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"583476","article-title":"School-based oral health interventions and their impact on children\u2019s oral hygiene: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Duangthip","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"130","article-title":"Teacher-based oral health promotion in Indonesia: lessons for sustainable practice","volume":"9","author":"Anwar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"112045","article-title":"Teachers as change agents in health education: evidence from practice","volume":"9","author":"Kavanagh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Educ"},{"key":"B7","first-page":"642842","article-title":"Professional competence of teachers: effects of practice-based training","volume":"12","author":"Richter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"B8","first-page":"743812","article-title":"Digital learning for healthcare professionals: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Bajpai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B9","first-page":"673452","article-title":"Digital health education interventions for improving health knowledge and behaviors: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Kr\u00e4mer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"287","article-title":"Effectiveness of multimedia education in oral health promotion","volume":"39","author":"Mari\u00f1o","year":"2022","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"key":"B11","first-page":"589563","article-title":"Effectiveness of multimedia-based health education interventions on behavior change","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"B12","first-page":"846321","article-title":"Microteaching as an effective approach to improving teaching competence and confidence","volume":"7","author":"Kpanja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Educ"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oral Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/froh.2026.1728222\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T06:36:25Z","timestamp":1770359785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/froh.2026.1728222\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/froh.2026.1728222"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/froh.2026.1728222","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-4842"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-4842","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"article-number":"1728222"}}