{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T09:11:42Z","timestamp":1780564302868,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of orthognathic surgery should not only focus on correcting malocclusion alone, but also on achieving adequate facial aesthetics with a harmonious facial profile. However, it is often difficult to measure success of orthognathic surgery objectively due to the large number of parameters to be considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For objective assessment of success in orthognathic surgery, Brons-Muli\u00e9 profile analysis, Nakamura's asymmetry index and a simple enface analysis were performed pre- and postoperatively. Comparative variance-based analysis of the different dimensions of the three methods were performed in order to analyze the variability of the individual parameters around their optimal value.\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test and Fligner-Killeen-Test were used to determine differences between pre- and post-operative variances.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 128 patients who underwent bimaxillary surgery between 2014 and 2019 were included in the study. All parameters showed a constant or reduced variance around their optimal value after orthognathic surgery. A significant reduction of the variance as an expression of surgical success (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) was found for the following parameters: Mandibulofacial height and lower lip inclination obtained from Brons-Muli\u00e9 analysis, position of the nostrils, lip angles and jaw angles using Nakamura's Asymmetry Index and for chin position, occlusal plane inclination and midline position measured in the enface analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The methodology used allows subjective aesthetic appearance to be visualized in an objective procedure. It can therefore be used as a valuable tool for preoperative surgical planning and for postoperative quality assurance in orthognathic surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2026.1748425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T06:34:07Z","timestamp":1774506847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quality assurance in orthognathic surgery using Brons-Muli\u00e9's soft tissue analysis, Nakamura's asymmetry index and a simple enface analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"B\u00f6ttger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen","place":["Giessen, 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