{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T18:00:04Z","timestamp":1769709604155,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To translate and culturally adapt the scale of oral health outcomes for 5-year-old children (SOHO-5) into Mandarin, and to assess the reliability and validity of the Mandarin version of the SOHO-5 (M-SOHO-5) for Mainland Chinese preschool children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A forward-backwards translation method was used to develop a draft M-SOHO-5 from the original English version. The draft was tested with 20 pairs of children and parents for the initial validity of the content, and revisions were made accordingly. Then, the final version was studied on 259 pairs of 5-year-old children and their parents. The reliability of M-SOHO-5 was assessed through test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Clinical examination for dental caries was performed to study the discriminant validity of M-SOHO-5. Construct validity was evaluated using global rating questions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the children's version of M-SOHO-5 (M-SOHO-5c) and the parents\u2019 version (M-SOHO-5p) were 0.80 and 0.85, respectively. The intraclass correlation for M-SOHO-5c and M-SOHO-5p was 0.51 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.014) and 0.65 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). Children with dental caries had higher mean ranks for both M-SOHO-5c and M-SOHO-5p compared to caries-free children (130.88 vs. 124.68,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.465; 136.58 vs. 114.72,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007). Moreover, the results of both M-SOHO-5c and M-SOHO-5p were correlated with the global rating questions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The M-SOHO-5 showed good reliability and construct validity. The discriminant validity of the parental version is good, but that of the children's version is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2026.1749692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T06:39:18Z","timestamp":1769668758000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cultural adaptation and validation of the mandarin version of the scale of oral health outcomes for 5-year-old children"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Daijing","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University","place":["Xiamen, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Women and Children\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University","place":["Xiamen, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junhao","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University","place":["Xiamen, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University","place":["Xiamen, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Women and Children\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University","place":["Xiamen, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiuhua","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Women and Children\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University","place":["Xiamen, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherry Shiqian","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University","place":["Xiamen, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"FDI\u2019s definition of oral health","year":"2021"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103522","article-title":"Arresting early childhood caries using silver and fluoride products - a randomized trial","volume":"103","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03042-7","article-title":"Association and comparison of periodontal and oral hygiene status with serum HbA1c levels: a cross-sectional study","volume":"23","author":"Rahim","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-40","article-title":"Assessment of oral health related quality of life","volume":"1","author":"Allen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2007.00418.x","article-title":"What do measures of \u2018oral health-related quality of life\u2019 measure?","volume":"35","author":"Locker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2009.01000.x","article-title":"Translation and validation of a Chinese language version of the early childhood oral health impact scale (ECOHIS)","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20182058","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-2058","article-title":"Committee on psychosocial aspects of child and family health, council on communications and Media. 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