{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T07:55:23Z","timestamp":1772697323286,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limited data are available regarding salivary inflammatory marker levels following conventional versus minimally invasive non-surgical periodontal therapy and smoking cessation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of conventional non-surgical periodontal therapy (CNST) versus minimally invasive non-surgical periodontal therapy (MINST) on the levels of salivary inflammatory markers, specifically interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), in patients with stage III grade A\/B periodontitis. Moreover, it investigated the impact of smoking cessation on these biomarkers and compared outcomes among smokers, non-smokers (NS), and individuals who quit smoking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A randomized controlled biochemical trial was conducted with 40 patients divided into four groups: smokers who quit and received conventional therapy (SQ1), smokers who quit and received minimally invasive therapy (SQ2), smokers continuing to smoke (SC), and NS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both the SQ2 and NS groups reported significant reductions in salivary PGE2 and IL-1\u03b2 levels at both observation periods compared with the SC group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MINST appeared more effective in controlling inflammatory markers among patients who quit smoking compared with conventional non-surgical therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2026.1779330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T06:56:04Z","timestamp":1772693764000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of minimally invasive non-surgical periodontal therapy in former smokers with periodontitis on salivary IL-1\u03b2 and PGE-2 profile"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Noura Mohamed","family":"Elshiaty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]},{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Misr International University","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saad Mohammad","family":"Al-Zubaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, University of Ha\u2019il","place":["Ha\u2019il, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatma Hamed","family":"El Demerdash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Misr International University","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hussien","family":"Elkholy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Youssef","family":"Gamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]},{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Misr University for Science and Technology","place":["Cairo, 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