{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T06:05:15Z","timestamp":1784613915912,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sleep bruxism's (SB) association with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is still not conclusively established. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of probable sleep bruxism (PSB) in a sample of Lebanese children aged six to ten years, and evaluate the association between PSB and OSA risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children recruited from schools were examined for PSB's intra-oral signs, occlusal and mucosal factors. Parents\/guardians filled one survey addressing their child's anamnesis, socio-demographic and daily habits' information and another [Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ)] evaluating their OSA risk. Chi-square, Mann\u2013Whitney and logistic regression tests were run between PSB and independent variables. Significance level was set at 0.05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 281 participants, 61.2% showed PSB. PSQ score and the percentage of patients at risk of OSA were higher among PSB than non-PSB patients, without statistical significance (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.169 &amp;amp; 0.238 respectively). Logistic regression confirmed a clear yet non-significant association between PSB and PSQ score (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.058).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PSB was identified in 61.2% of the study sample. A positive yet non-significant association was found between PSB and OSA-risk variables. Further investigations are needed to better understand this association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2026.1872176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T05:36:07Z","timestamp":1784612167000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Probable sleep bruxism in children in the mixed dentition stage: prevalence and association with the risk for obstructive sleep apnea\u2014a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Hajjar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut","place":["Beirut, Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amine El","family":"Zoghbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut","place":["Beirut, Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Nader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut","place":["Beirut, Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Nasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cranio-Facial Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut","place":["Beirut, Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada R.","family":"Chedid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut","place":["Beirut, Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9544","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189544","article-title":"Sleep bruxism in children: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment\u2014a literature review","volume":"18","author":"Bulanda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12801","article-title":"Bruxism: an umbrella review of systematic reviews","volume":"46","author":"Melo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12069","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep bruxism in children: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"40","author":"Manfredini","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12663","article-title":"International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: report of a work in progress","volume":"45","author":"Lobbezoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12340","article-title":"The tooth wear evaluation system: a modular clinical guideline for the diagnosis and management planning of worn dentitions","volume":"43","author":"Wetselaar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-018-1771-y","article-title":"Poor sleep quality and prevalence of probable sleep bruxism in primary and mixed dentitions: a cross-sectional study","volume":"23","author":"Massignan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.2174\/1573396320666230915103716","article-title":"Sleep bruxism in children: a narrative review","volume":"21","author":"Leung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2024.03.004","article-title":"Advances in sleep-disordered breathing in children","volume":"45","author":"Gileles-Hillel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12492","article-title":"Associations of sleep bruxism with age, sleep apnea, and daytime problematic behaviors in children","volume":"22","author":"Tachibana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-019-01919-y","article-title":"Is there an association between sleep bruxism and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome? 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