{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:46:21Z","timestamp":1785818781405,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      study aimed to evaluate the effect of storage, for up to 4 weeks, on the degradation kinetics and bioactivity of leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) membranes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>L-PRF membranes obtained from 8 volunteers were stored in L-PRF exudate at 4\u00b0C for 1, 2, or 4 weeks. Their antibacterial properties against the main periodontal pathogens, release levels of key growth factors and inflammatory cytokines, and regenerative effects on human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) were compared to fresh L-PRF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The inhibitory effects of L-PRF exudate varied among the tested pathogens and gradually decreased during storage. Growth factors released from L-PRF membranes exhibited different degradation kinetics, with VEGF demonstrating an early reduction within the first week, whereas PDGF-AB and TGF-\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      1 remained relatively stable until 2 weeks. Interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1b, and IL-6 were detectably released from L-PRF membranes, predominantly in fresh samples, and decreased within the first week. Conditioned medium derived from stored L-PRF membranes significantly promoted HOK metabolic activity and wound healing\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      , without significant reduction over the 4-week storage period.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Refrigerated storage preserved some L-PRF functions for up to 4 weeks in this\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      study, but preservation was incomplete and function-specific, with the clearest losses in antibacterial activity, VEGF release, and inflammatory cytokine release.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2026.1905496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:27:25Z","timestamp":1785817645000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Refrigerated storage of L-PRF membranes: anti-bacterial activity, cytokine release, and in vitro keratinocyte effects\u2014an in vitro pilot study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jize","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology (P&OM), KU Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Castro Sarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology (P&OM), KU Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naiera","family":"Zayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology (P&OM), KU Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Teughels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology (P&OM), KU Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Quirynen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology and Oral Microbiology (P&OM), KU Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.07.008","article-title":"Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. 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