{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:09:38Z","timestamp":1790251778287,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fixed orthodontic appliances increase plaque accumulation and the risk of enamel white spot lesions (WSLs). Although Duraphat\u2122 Varnish (22,600\u2005ppm fluoride) is widely used for WSLs management, limited evidence exists regarding the remineralization efficacy of the newer Clinpro\u2122 Clear Fluoride Treatment (9,500\u2005ppm fluoride).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the remineralization efficacy of Duraphat\u2122 Varnish, single-application Clinpro\u2122 Clear, double-application Clinpro\u2122 Clear, and a no-treatment control on artificial WSLs adjacent to orthodontic brackets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty-eight extracted human premolars were randomly allocated to four groups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200917 each). Following artificial lesion formation, specimens received the assigned fluoride treatment and underwent a 7-day pH-cycling regimen. Remineralization was assessed using Vickers surface microhardness, polarized light microscope (PLM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Data were analyzed using Welch ANOVA and the Games-Howell\n                      <jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      test (\u03b1\u2009=\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Duraphat\u2122 Varnish demonstrated significantly greater hardness recovery than single-application Clinpro\u2122 Clear (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and the no-treatment control (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Double-application Clinpro\u2122 Clear produced significantly greater remineralization than a single application (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) and achieved outcomes approaching those of Duraphat\u2122 Varnish (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). These findings were supported by percentage hardness recovery and remineralization potential. Qualitative PLM, SEM, and EDS analyses consistently demonstrated greater remineralization in all fluoride-treated groups than in the untreated control.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Under the present\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      conditions, Duraphat\u2122 Varnish produced the greatest remineralization, while a double application of Clinpro\u2122 Clear significantly enhanced its remineralization efficacy compared with a single application. These findings suggest that repeated application may improve the performance of Clinpro\u2122 Clear; however, further\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      and clinical studies are required to confirm its clinical effectiveness.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2026.1926039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:35:45Z","timestamp":1790249745000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative efficacy of ClinproTM clear fluoride treatment and DuraphatTM varnish as remineralizing agents for white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets: an in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sukhontamala","family":"Phuanglerngsri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, 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