{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:17:03Z","timestamp":1788239823087,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To determine whether a Vitamin D\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      oral rinse alters the performance of saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen testing (RAT) and assess its potential implications for infectious disease screening and public health surveillance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective, paired-sample, single-blind clinical trial, 25 adults with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection provided saliva immediately before and after a standardized one-minute Vitamin D\u2083 oral rinse (50 paired specimens). Samples were analyzed in parallel by saliva RAT and rapid RT-PCR under blinded conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The oral rinse converted 68% (17\/25) of paired specimens from RAT-positive to RAT-negative, reducing antigen positivity from 54.2% to 32.0% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0016). In contrast, RT-PCR positivity remained largely preserved (96.0% vs. 88.0%), with no significant change in mean Ct values (28.1\u2009\u00b1\u20095.9 vs. 29.4\u2009\u00b1\u20095.1;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.1785). Strong concordance between paired RT-PCR samples (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.814,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001) indicated persistent viral RNA despite reduced antigen detection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D\u2083 oral rinsing was associated with reduced detection by saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 RAT while RT-PCR results remained largely preserved. These findings suggest a previously under-recognized pre-analytical variable capable of altering saliva-based antigen detection.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Clinical Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT07068282<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , Identifier, NCT07068282.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2026.1943222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T04:27:20Z","timestamp":1788236840000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitamin D3 oral rinsing reduces salivary SARS-CoV-2 antigen detectability: a clinical trial with public health implications"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sarah M. Nizar","family":"Feteih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Department of Dentistry","place":["Jeddah, Periodontology, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily L. G.","family":"Heaphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Department of Research Center","place":["Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amjad","family":"Aljagthmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Department of Research Center","place":["Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Abumdaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Department of Pharmacy","place":["Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniyah","family":"Bayumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Virology Technology","place":["Jeddah, Saudi 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