{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T05:03:03Z","timestamp":1789448583121,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oral Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) is a keystone pathogen in the oral microbiota and has attracted attention for its association with periodontal as well as systemic diseases. While animal studies have suggested that\n                      <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      affects the gut microbiota and may trigger related pathologies, evidence from human studies remains insufficient. In this study, we aimed to identify characteristics of the oral and gut microbiota associated with serum antibody titers against\n                      <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which serve as an indicator of\n                      <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum antibody titers against\n                      <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      were measured in 149 community-dwelling older adults, who were classified by their quartile into high (PgAb_H), medium (PgAb_M), and low (PgAb_L). Simultaneously collected saliva and stool samples were subjected to 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis to compare the bacterial composition of the oral and gut microbiota between the PgAb_H and PgAb_L groups. Using Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe), we identified the bacteria whose abundance differed significantly between the groups. The prevalence of bacterial genera commonly present in both the oral and gut microbiota of the same individual was compared between the groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant differences were observed between the PgAb_H and PgAb_L groups regarding the bacterial composition of the oral microbiota (unweighted UniFrac distance,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001; weighted UniFrac distance,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.041) and that of the gut microbiota (weighted UniFrac distance,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.045). LEfSe analysis identified several bacterial genera in the oral and gut microbiota whose abundances differed between the two groups. Although the two groups did not differ in the number of bacterial genera shared between the oral and gut microbiota in the same individual, the proportion of individuals possessing\n                      <jats:italic>Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                      in both the oral and gut microbiota was significantly lower in the PgAb_H group than in the PgAb_L group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study characterized the oral and gut microbiota profiles associated with serum antibody titers against\n                      <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . These findings deepen our understanding of how\n                      <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection affects the human body beyond the oral cavity, and suggest that serum antibody titers against\n                      <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      could serve as a potentially meaningful indicator for health management.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2026.1956003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T04:27:59Z","timestamp":1789446479000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum antibody titers against Porphyromonas gingivalis are associated with oral and gut microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Yoichiro","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry and 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