{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T09:30:45Z","timestamp":1789637445312,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014965","name":"Endometriosis Foundation of America","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014965","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Reprod. Health"],"DOI":"10.3389\/frph.2020.00003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T01:48:37Z","timestamp":1595382517000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Menstrual Effluent Provides a Novel Diagnostic Window on the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Ashima","family":"Nayyar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew I.","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mine","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"DeFranco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gila","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine Mae","family":"Elmaliki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Kowalsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prodyot K.","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangying","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radhika","family":"Viswanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter K.","family":"Gregersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine N.","family":"Metz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.06.029","article-title":"Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis","volume":"98","author":"Burney","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil.Steril."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1810764","article-title":"Endometriosis","volume":"382","author":"Zondervan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B3","first-page":"93","article-title":"Metastatic or embolic endometriosis, due to the menstrual dissemination of endometrial tissue into the venous circulation","volume":"3","author":"Sampson","year":"1927","journal-title":"Am.J Pathol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719108322430","article-title":"Nonhuman primate models for translational research in endometriosis","volume":"16","author":"D'Hooghe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90180-9","article-title":"Intrapelvic injection of menstrual endometrium causes endometriosis in baboons (Papio cynocephalus and Papio anubis)","volume":"173","author":"D'Hooghe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02791.x","article-title":"A modified baboon model for endometriosis","author":"Fazleabas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)01816-7","article-title":"Role of cytokines in endometriosis","volume":"76","author":"Harada","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R97","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-17-0227","article-title":"Dysfunctional signaling underlying endometriosis: current state of knowledge","volume":"60","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082385","article-title":"Chronic niche inflammation in endometriosis-associated infertility: current understanding and future therapeutic strategies","volume":"19","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.004","article-title":"The Immunopathophysiology of Endometriosis","volume":"24","author":"Symons","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_201805_14899","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-alpha and peritoneal fluid flora were associated with infertility in patients with endometriosis","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RA92","DOI":"10.12659\/msm.881707","article-title":"Is abnormal eutopic endometrium the cause of endometriosis? The role of eutopic endometrium in pathogenesis of endometriosis","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.08.014","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory M1\/Th1 type immune network and increased expression of TSG-6 in the eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis","volume":"218","author":"Matteo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719117725828","article-title":"p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis by modulating inflammation, but not cell survival","volume":"25","author":"Cakmak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501138","article-title":"IL-17A contributes to the pathogenesis of endometriosis by triggering proinflammatory cytokines and angiogenic growth factors","volume":"195","author":"Ahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.11.060","article-title":"Increased peritoneal and endometrial gene expression of biologically relevant cytokines and growth factors during the menstrual phase in women with endometriosis","volume":"85","author":"Kyama","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.05.016","article-title":"Higher prevalence of chronic endometritis in women with endometriosis: a possible etiopathogenetic link","volume":"108","author":"Cicinelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88354","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088354","article-title":"The association between endometriosis and chronic endometritis","volume":"9","author":"Takebayashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019270","article-title":"Delay in the diagnosis of endometriosis: a survey of women from the USA and the UK","volume":"11","author":"Hadfield","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.05.090","article-title":"Impact of endometriosis on quality of life and work productivity: a multicenter study across ten countries","volume":"96","author":"Nnoaham","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-018-0009-6","article-title":"Analysis of menstrual effluent: diagnostic potential for endometriosis","volume":"24","author":"Warren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Med."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13937","article-title":"Review: Chronic endometritis and its effect on reproduction","volume":"45","author":"Kimura","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.09.041","article-title":"Interleukin-6, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in menstrual effluents as biomarkers of chronic endometritis","volume":"101","author":"Tortorella","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00242","article-title":"Endometriosis","volume":"40","author":"Bulun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.2174\/1573404813666170306163448","article-title":"Molecular and cellular pathogenesis of endometriosis","volume":"14","author":"Klemmt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Womens Health Rev."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032654","article-title":"The origin and pathogenesis of endometriosis","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1590\/2176-9451.19.4.027-029.ebo","article-title":"How sample size influences research outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Faber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dental Press J Orthod."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3764421","article-title":"Shock and tissue injury induced by recombinant human cachectin","volume":"234","author":"Tracey","year":"1986","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2144\/btn-2018-0132","article-title":"Rapid quantification of cellular proliferation and migration using ImageJ","volume":"66","author":"Venter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biotechniques."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/51046","article-title":"In vitro cell migration and invasion assays","author":"Justus","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vis Exp."},{"key":"B31","first-page":"13","article-title":"Production of fibronectin by peritoneal macrophages and concentration of fibronectin in peritoneal fluid from patients with or without endometriosis","volume":"72","author":"Kauma","year":"1988","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2016-042","article-title":"easyROC: an interactive web-tool for ROC curve analysis using r language environment","volume":"8","author":"Goksuluk","year":"2016","journal-title":"R J."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.08.046","article-title":"Stromal cells from endometriotic lesions and endometrium from women with endometriosis have reduced decidualization capacity","volume":"85","author":"Klemmt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil.Steril."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.070300","article-title":"Steroidogenic enzyme and key decidualization marker dysregulation in endometrial stromal cells from women with versus without endometriosis","volume":"80","author":"Aghajanova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2014-1045","article-title":"Cyclic decidualization of the human endometrium in reproductive health and failure","volume":"35","author":"Gellersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem399","article-title":"Endometriosis and human infertility: a new investigation into the role of eutopic endometrium","volume":"23","author":"Minici","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10287","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010287","article-title":"Natural selection of human embryos: impaired decidualization of endometrium disables embryo-maternal interactions and causes recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"5","author":"Salker","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev055","article-title":"Endometrial stromal fibroblasts from women with polycystic ovary syndrome have impaired progesterone-mediated decidualization, aberrant cytokine profiles and promote enhanced immune cell migration in vitro","volume":"30","author":"Piltonen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1554920","article-title":"Pathogenesis of endometriosis: roles of retinoids and inflammatory pathways","volume":"33","author":"Taylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.2.7323","article-title":"Retinoic acid synthesis and expression of cellular retinol-binding protein and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein type II are concurrent with decidualization of rat uterine stromal cells","volume":"141","author":"Zheng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.119677","article-title":"Retinoic acid biosynthesis is impaired in human and murine endometriosis","volume":"91","author":"Pierzchalski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719116632920","article-title":"Fenretinide: a potential treatment for Endometriosis","volume":"23","author":"Pavone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod Sci."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13580","article-title":"Podoplanin: An emerging cancer biomarker and therapeutic target","volume":"109","author":"Krishnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0182751","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182751","article-title":"Stromal cell markers are differentially expressed in the synovial tissue of patients with early arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1156-1","article-title":"Rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts differentiate into distinct subsets in the presence of cytokines and cartilage","volume":"18","author":"Croft","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"B46","first-page":"151","article-title":"Retrograde menstruation in healthy women and in patients with endometriosis","volume":"64","author":"Halme","year":"1984","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602 e601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.02.012","article-title":"The diagnosis of chronic endometritis in infertile asymptomatic women: a comparative study of histology, microbial cultures, hysteroscopy, molecular microbiology","volume":"218","author":"Moreno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7110379","article-title":"Association of pelvic inflammatory disease with risk of endometriosis: a nationwide cohort study involving 141,460 individuals","volume":"7","author":"Tai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052285","article-title":"Identification of novel microbes associated with pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility","volume":"92","author":"Haggerty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2010.01681.x","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor in the canine endometrium: an immunohistochemical study","volume":"46","author":"Payan-Carreira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1991.tb00692.x","article-title":"Ubiquitous expression of TNF-alpha\/cachectin immunoreactivity in human endometrium","volume":"26","author":"Tabibzadeh","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod47.1.141","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha messenger ribonucleic acid and protein in human endometrium","volume":"47","author":"Hunt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000010269","article-title":"Production of interleukins 1beta, 6 and 8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in separated and cultured endometrial and endometriotic stromal and epithelial cells","volume":"50","author":"Bergqvist","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019379","article-title":"The production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)","volume":"11","author":"Laird","year":"1996","journal-title":"by human endometrial cells in culture. Hum Reprod."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.05.004","article-title":"How much have we learnt about the TNF family of cytokines?","volume":"101","author":"Chu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytokine."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(96)00026-3","article-title":"The potential biological and clinical significance of the soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors","volume":"7","author":"Aderka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.07.025","article-title":"Cellular localization of genes and proteins for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), TNF receptor types I and II in bovine endometrium","volume":"330","author":"Okuda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del044","article-title":"Treatment with anti-TNF monoclonal antibody (c5N)","volume":"21","author":"Falconer","year":"2006","journal-title":"reduces the extent of induced endometriosis in the baboon. Hum Reprod."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.043349","article-title":"Recombinant human TNFRSF1A (r-hTBP1). Inhibits the development of endometriosis in baboons: a prospective, randomized, placebo- and drug-controlled study","volume":"74","author":"D'Hooghe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD008088","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008088.pub3","article-title":"Anti-TNF-alpha treatment for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis","volume":"3","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2018.01.016","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines induce podoplanin expression at the tumor invasive front","volume":"188","author":"Kunita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-02892-y","article-title":"Functionally distinct disease-associated fibroblast subsets in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"9","author":"Mizoguchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02761.x","article-title":"The epidemiology of endometriosis","volume":"955","author":"Cramer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Reproductive Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/frph.2020.00003\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T01:48:44Z","timestamp":1595382524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/frph.2020.00003\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frph.2020.00003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frph.2020.00003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-3153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-3153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]},"article-number":"3"}}