{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T03:07:13Z","timestamp":1792206433391,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":173,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Reprod. Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Male fertility potential can be influenced by a variety of conditions that frequently coincide. Spermatozoa are particularly susceptible to oxidative damage due to their limited antioxidant capacity and cell membrane rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The role of oxidative stress (OS) in the etiology of male infertility has been the primary focus of our Stellenbosch University Reproductive Research Group (SURRG) over the last 10 years. This review aims to provide a novel insight into the impact of OS on spermatozoa and male reproductive function by reviewing the OS-related findings from a wide variety of studies conducted in our laboratory, along with those emerging from other investigators. We will provide a concise overview of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the development of OS in the male reproductive tract along with the physiological and pathological effects thereof on male reproductive functions. Recent advances in methods and techniques used for the assessment of OS will also be highlighted. We will furthermore consider the current evidence regarding the association between OS and ejaculatory abstinence period, as well as the potential mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of various systemic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and certain mental health disorders which have been shown to cause OS induced male infertility. Finally, special emphasis will be placed on the potential for transferring and incorporating research findings emanating from different experimental studies into clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frph.2022.822257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:11:25Z","timestamp":1645488685000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Oxidative Stress and Male Infertility: Evidence From a Research Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Bashir","family":"Ayad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Temidayo S.","family":"Omolaoye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Louw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yashthi","family":"Ramsunder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bongekile T.","family":"Skosana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter I.","family":"Oyeipo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan S.","family":"Du Plessis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"WHO Fact Sheet on Infertility.2021"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.170370","article-title":"Trends of male factor infertility, an important cause of infertility: a review of literature","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci."},{"key":"B3","year":"2010","journal-title":"WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)03105-9","article-title":"Best practice policies for male infertility","volume":"77","author":"Sharlip","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogrm.2017.10.007","article-title":"Male infertility","volume":"28","author":"Ghuman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obs Gynaecol Reprod Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327117703690","article-title":"Decline in sperm count in European men during the past 50 years","volume":"37","author":"Sengupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12673","article-title":"The present crisis in male reproductive health: an urgent need for a political, social, research roadmap","volume":"7","author":"De Jonge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrology."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460.2021.1957501","article-title":"Decline in semen quality of North African men: a retrospective study of 20,958 sperm analyses of men from different North African countries tested in Tunisia over a period of 6 years (2013\u20132018)","volume":"48","author":"Bahri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12610-021-00128-6","article-title":"Decline of semen quality over the last 30 years in Uruguay","volume":"31","author":"Rosa-Villagr\u00e1n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Basic Clin Androl."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.22074\/ijfs.2017.4881","article-title":"Physically active men show better semen parameters than their sedentary counterparts","volume":"11","author":"Lalinde-Acevedo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aju.2017.12.004","article-title":"Lifestyle causes of male infertility","volume":"16","author":"Durairajanayagam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arab J Urol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.180055","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and male fertility","volume":"37","author":"Martins","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Men's Heal Heal."},{"key":"B13","first-page":"95","article-title":"Male infertility: etiological factors","volume":"7","author":"Muhammad","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Toxicol Sci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-018-0436-9","article-title":"Lifestyle and fertility: The influence of stress and quality of life on male fertility","volume":"16","author":"Ilacqua","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.22074\/cellj.2019.6339","article-title":"Stress hormone and oxidative stress biomarkers link obesity and diabetes with reduced fertility potential","volume":"21","author":"Abbasihormozi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell J."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2019.06.041","article-title":"Male infertility and future cardiometabolic health: does the association vary by sociodemographic factors?","volume":"133","author":"Kasman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Urology."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2010.38","article-title":"Obesity: modern man's fertility nemesis","volume":"12","author":"Cabler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian J Androl."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2010.6","article-title":"The effect of obesity on sperm disorders and male infertility","volume":"7","author":"Du Plessis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4103\/2305-0500.321125","article-title":"Testicular oxidative stress and apoptosis status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after treatment with rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia), and sutherlandia (Lessertia frutescens) infusions","volume":"10","author":"Omolaoye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian Pacific J Reprod."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00401.2011","article-title":"Diet and exercise in an obese mouse fed a high-fat diet improve metabolic health and reverse perturbed sperm function","volume":"302","author":"Palmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12659","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12659","article-title":"Are oxidative stress markers associated with unexplained male infertility?","volume":"49","author":"Mayorga-Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Andrologia."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4103\/jhrs.JHRS_150_18","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in male infertility: An updated review","volume":"12","author":"Alahmar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13581","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13581","article-title":"Oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of male infertility","volume":"53","author":"Ritchie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrologia."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988320939731","article-title":"Oxidative stress is associated with reduced sperm motility in normal semen","author":"Kurkowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Mens Health."},{"key":"B25","first-page":"425","article-title":"Free radicals: their beneficial and detrimental effects on sperm function","volume":"48","author":"Kothari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Exp Biol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-014-0425-7","article-title":"Contemporary evidence on the physiological role of reactive oxygen species in human sperm function","volume":"32","author":"Du Plessis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet."},{"key":"B27","author":"Lampiao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Measurement of Free Radicals and Their Effects on Human Spermatozoa"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2013\/4974.3040","article-title":"The total antioxidant power of semen and its correlation with the fertility potential of human male subjects","volume":"7","author":"Pahune","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Diagnostic Res."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-017-0912-8","article-title":"Free radical and superoxide reactivity detection in semen quality assessment: past, present, and future","volume":"34","author":"Gosalvez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-011-0070-3","article-title":"Association of oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymatic activity in male infertility of North-East India","volume":"62","author":"Mahanta","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol India."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50881-X","article-title":"A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase","volume":"195","author":"Beers","year":"1952","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1415","article-title":"Determination of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase-like activities in equine spermatozoa, seminal plasma, reproductive tissues","volume":"66","author":"Baumber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2016.10.021","article-title":"Assessment of lipid peroxidation by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and relatives in biological samples: analytical and biological challenges","volume":"524","author":"Tsikas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal Biochem."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2003.09.012","article-title":"F2-isoprostanes as indices of lipid peroxidation in inflammatory diseases","volume":"128","author":"Pratic\u00f2","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chem Phys Lipids."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4631","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms11114631","article-title":"Isoprostanes-biomarkers of lipid peroxidation: their utility in evaluating oxidative stress and analysis","volume":"11","author":"Janicka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13624","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13624","article-title":"Total antioxidant capacity\u2014relevance, methods and clinical implications","volume":"53","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrologia."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.10.020","article-title":"Male infertility testing: reactive oxygen species and antioxidant capacity","volume":"102","author":"Ko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.05.013","article-title":"MiOXSYS: a novel method of measuring oxidation reduction potential in semen and seminal plasma","volume":"106","author":"Agarwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10030236","article-title":"A comparison between two assays for measuring seminal oxidative stress and their relationship with sperm DNA fragmentation and semen parameters","volume":"10","author":"Homa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)61284-9","article-title":"Chemiluminescence technique for measuring reactive oxygen species","volume":"9","author":"Agarwal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-776-7_13","article-title":"Methods for the Detection of ROS in Human Sperm Samples","author":"Benjamin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stud Men's Heal Fertil."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041510305","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and human spermatozoa: analysis of the cellular mechanisms involved in luminol- and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence","volume":"151","author":"Aitken","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-014-0850-1","article-title":"Luminol-based chemiluminescent signals: clinical and non-clinical application and future uses","volume":"173","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Biochem Biotechnol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1939-4640","article-title":"Quality control of reactive oxygen species measurement by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay","volume":"22","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Androl."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2006.00695.x","article-title":"Direct nitric oxide measurement in human spermatozoa: flow cytometric analysis using the fluorescent probe, diaminofluorescein","volume":"29","author":"Lampiao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Androl."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.11.046","article-title":"Two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis-based proteomics of male gametes in relation to oxidative stress","volume":"99","author":"Hamada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2013.821540","article-title":"The relationship between seminal leukocytes, oxidative status in the ejaculate, and apoptotic markers in human spermatozoa","volume":"59","author":"Mupfiga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Syst Biol Reprod Med."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-13-0644","article-title":"Low amounts of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species define human sperm quality","volume":"147","author":"Marques","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reproduction."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-8-12","article-title":"The association between leukocytes and sperm quality is concentration dependent","volume":"8","author":"Lackner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-10-92","article-title":"An investigation of excess residual cytoplasm in human spermatozoa and its distinction from the cytoplasmic droplet","volume":"10","author":"Rengan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S85: 41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.07.216","article-title":"The relationship between leukospermia, sperm morphology and the acrosome reaction in infertile men","volume":"82","author":"de Mola","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2005.06.003","article-title":"Bacterial infection and semen quality","volume":"67","author":"Sanocka-Maciejewska","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.01.124","article-title":"The incidence and effect of bacteriospermia and elevated seminal leukocytes on semen parameters","volume":"97","author":"Domes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12157","article-title":"Revisiting the assessment of semen viscosity and its relationship to leucocytospermia","volume":"46","author":"Flint","year":"2014","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677-55382007000500002","article-title":"Clinical relevance of oxidative stress and sperm chromation damage in male infertility: An evidence based analysis","volume":"33","author":"Cocuzza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Braz J Urol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.5603\/fhc.a2015.0019","article-title":"Mechanisms of the harmful effects of bacterial semen infection on ejaculated human spermatozoa: potential inflammatory markers in semen","volume":"53","author":"Fraczek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Folia Histochem Cytobiol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.12.025","article-title":"Bacteria trigger oxygen radical release and sperm lipid peroxidation in in vitro model of semen inflammation","volume":"88","author":"Fraczek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2616","article-title":"Significance of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in the generation of oxidative stress in spermatozoa","volume":"93","author":"Koppers","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10071025","article-title":"Sperm oxidative stress during in vitro manipulation and its effects on sperm function and embryo development","volume":"10","author":"Gualtieri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.210153","article-title":"Oxidative Stress: a comprehensive review of biochemical, molecular, and genetic aspects in the pathogenesis and management of varicocele","volume":"40","author":"Finelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2017.98","article-title":"Varicocele and male infertility","volume":"14","author":"Jensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)55809-9","article-title":"Loss of fertility in men with varicocele","volume":"59","author":"Gorelick","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.04.071","article-title":"Increased seminal reactive oxygen species levels in patients with varicoceles correlate with varicocele grade but not with testis size","volume":"82","author":"Allamaneni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.11.114","article-title":"Grade 3 varicocele in fertile men: a different entity","volume":"187","author":"Cocuzza","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2010.01111.x","article-title":"Seminal plasma reactive oxygen species-antioxidants relationship with varicocele grade","volume":"44","author":"Mostafa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000138344.56941.b1","article-title":"8-Hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine in leukocyte DNA of spermatic vein as a biomarker of oxidative stress in patients with varicocele","volume":"172","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2016.1265161","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of varicocelectomies: a meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Syst Biol Reprod Med"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12445","article-title":"Effect of varicocelectomy and\/or mast cells stabilizer on sperm DNA fragmentation in infertile patients with varicocele","volume":"6","author":"Zaazaa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2019.1655813","article-title":"Outcome of varicocelectomy on different degrees of total motile sperm count: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Syst Biol Reprod Med"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12724","article-title":"An update on clinical and surgical interventions to reduce sperm DNA fragmentation in infertile men","volume":"8","author":"Esteves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrology."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-16331-x","article-title":"The mutagenic effect of tobacco smoke on male fertility","author":"Omolaoye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.05.005","article-title":"Alcohol-induced oxidative stress","volume":"81","author":"Das","year":"2007","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13201","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13201","article-title":"Oxidative stress-mediated alterations on sperm parameters in male Wistar rats exposed to 3G mobile phone radiation","volume":"51","author":"Gautam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrologia."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2003.10.068","article-title":"The importance of redox regulated pathways in sperm cell biology","volume":"216","author":"Baker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15766","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(93)90006-G","article-title":"Human sperm hyperactivation and capacitation as parts of an oxidative process","volume":"14","author":"de Lamirande","year":"1993","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/iox103","article-title":"Sperm function, protein phosphorylation, and metabolism differ in mice lacking successive sperm-specific glycolytic enzymes","volume":"97","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01260.x","article-title":"An in vitro promoting role for hydrogen peroxide in human sperm capacitation","volume":"17","author":"Griveau","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1984.tb00775.x","article-title":"The meaning of sperm capacitation a historical perspective","volume":"5","author":"Chang","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2005.10.055","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species modulate independent protein phosphorylation pathways during human sperm capacitation","volume":"40","author":"O'Flaherty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.115.8.1575","article-title":"Extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)\/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)-independent functions of raf kinases","volume":"115","author":"Hindley","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-2-75","article-title":"Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in sperm capacitation\/acrosome reaction","volume":"2","author":"Naz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1530\/ror.0.0020165","article-title":"Regulatory mechanisms in acrosomal exocytosis","volume":"2","author":"Breitbart","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev Reprod"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12972","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms150712972","article-title":"Molecular and cellular mechanisms of sperm-oocyte interactions opinions relative to in vitro fertilization (IVF)","volume":"15","author":"Anifandis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B84","first-page":"6","article-title":"Not just the marriage of Figaro: but the marriage of WHO\/ESHRE semen analysis criteria with sperm functionality","volume":"4","author":"Van der Horst","year":"2017","journal-title":"Postepy Androl Online."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gah154","article-title":"Various protein kinases regulate human sperm acrosome reaction and the associated phosphorylation of Tyr residues and of the Thr-Glu-Tyr motif","volume":"11","author":"Liguori","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1530\/ror.0.0020048","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and sperm physiology","volume":"2","author":"De Lamirande","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev Reprod"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)81448-3","article-title":"Seminal reactive oxygen species and sperm motility and morphology in men with spinal cord injury","volume":"67","author":"Padron","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2014.918675","article-title":"Mechanisms of oligozoospermia: an oxidative stress perspective","volume":"60","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Syst Biol Reprod Med"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2009.009","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in human semen in relation to leukocyte contamination","volume":"153","author":"Oborna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomed Pap"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/360438","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal","author":"Ayala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.297","article-title":"Semen characteristics and malondialdehyde levels in men with different reproductive problems","volume":"3","author":"Collodel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4105","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/24.21.4105","article-title":"DNA damage by peroxynitrite characterized with DNA repair enzymes","volume":"24","author":"Epe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-9-47","article-title":"Sperm DNA fragmentation and oxidation are independent of malondialdheyde","volume":"9","author":"Zribi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/321901","article-title":"Ejaculate oxidative stress is related with sperm DNA fragmentation and round cells","author":"Iommiello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa159","article-title":"DNA fragmentation of sperm: a radical examination of the contribution of oxidative stress and age in 16 945 semen samples","volume":"35","author":"Vaughan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12743","article-title":"Predictive value of oxidative stress testing in semen for sperm DNA fragmentation assessed by sperm chromatin dispersion test","volume":"8","author":"Elbardisi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.10.068","article-title":"Sperm viability, apoptosis, and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in human spermatozoa before and after induction of oxidative stress","volume":"93","author":"Mahfouz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmg027","article-title":"Role of sperm chromatin abnormalities and DNA damage in male infertility","volume":"9","author":"Agarwal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12000","article-title":"Effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark oil on testicular antioxidant values, apoptotic germ cell and sperm quality","volume":"45","author":"Y\u00fcce","year":"2013","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2017.69","article-title":"Oxidative stress and male infertility","volume":"14","author":"Bisht","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.4103\/jhrs.JHRS_135_18","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in male infertility: an interventional study","volume":"12","author":"Barik","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10081283","article-title":"Oxidative stress and male fertility: role of antioxidants and inositols","author":"De Luca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12778","article-title":"Teratozoospermia: its association with sperm DNA defects, apoptotic alterations, oxidative stress","volume":"8","author":"Ammar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.06.026","article-title":"Novel association between sperm reactive oxygen species production, sperm morphological defects, and the sperm deformity index","volume":"81","author":"Aziz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12783","article-title":"Oxidative stress and motility impairment in the semen of fertile males","volume":"49","author":"Dobrakowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Andrologia."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9020134","article-title":"Molecular changes induced by oxidative stress that impair human sperm motility","author":"Nowicka-bauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s43043-021-00086-z","article-title":"Cementing the relationship between conventional advanced semen parameters","volume":"9","author":"Ayad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Middle East Fertil Soc J"},{"key":"B108","year":"2021","journal-title":"WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/eshremonographs\/2002.2.13","article-title":"Manual on basic semen analysis","year":"2002","journal-title":"ESHRE Monogr"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.22074\/ijfs.2018.5192","article-title":"Revisiting the relationship between the ejaculatory abstinence period and semen characteristics","volume":"11","author":"Ayad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0045-9","article-title":"Influence of ejaculation frequency on seminal parameters","volume":"13","author":"Mayorga-Torres","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B112","first-page":"177","article-title":"Can a short term of repeated ejaculations affect seminal parameters?","volume":"17","author":"Mayorga-Torres","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Reprod Infertil."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.12.041","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species levels are independent of sperm concentration, motility, and abstinence in a normal, healthy, proven fertile man: a longitudinal study","volume":"94","author":"Desai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.05.039","article-title":"Influence of ejaculatory abstinence on seminal total antioxidant capacity and sperm membrane lipid peroxidation","volume":"102","author":"Marshburn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mefs.2017.07.005","article-title":"Short abstinence: a potential strategy for the improvement of sperm quality","volume":"23","author":"Ayad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Middle East Fertil Soc J."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14308","article-title":"Impact of the sexual abstinence period on the production of seminal reactive oxygen species in patients undergoing intrauterine insemination: a randomized trial","volume":"46","author":"Degirmenci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1530\/RAF-20-0018","article-title":"One day is better than four days of ejaculatory abstinence for sperm function","volume":"1","author":"Okada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1071\/RD18135","article-title":"Improved sperm motility after 4 h of ejaculatory abstinence: role of accessory sex gland secretions","volume":"31","author":"Goss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev"},{"key":"B119","unstructured":"2021"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.2017.35.2.59","article-title":"Hypertension and male fertility","volume":"35","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.02.1786","article-title":"PD52-12 the impact of hypertension and antihypertensives on semen quality","volume":"193","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.01.030","article-title":"Effects of renovascular hypertension on reproductive function in male rats","volume":"80","author":"Breigeiron","year":"2007","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des173","article-title":"Higher clusterin immunolabeling and sperm DNA damage levels in hypertensive men compared with controls","volume":"27","author":"Muciaccia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.07.002","article-title":"Effects of medical comorbidity on male infertility and comorbidity treatment on spermatogenesis","volume":"110","author":"Shiraishi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010039","article-title":"Association of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension, physical activity, and their combination with semen quality: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Danielewicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2018.07.030","article-title":"High blood pressure is a highly prevalent but unrecognised condition in primary infertile men: results of a cross-sectional study","volume":"6","author":"Cazzaniga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e107418","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-29105\/v1","article-title":"The association between male infertility and cardiometabolic disturbances: a population-based study","volume":"19","author":"Behboudi-Gandevani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2015.10.001","article-title":"Dietary supplementation of ginger and turmeric improves reproductive function in hypertensive male rats","volume":"2","author":"Akinyemi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol Reports."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00746-5","article-title":"Diet supplemented with chrysophyllum albidum G. don (Sapotaceae) fruit pulp improves reproductive function in hypertensive male rats","author":"Akomolafe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Sci."},{"key":"B130","author":"Manirafasha","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Effects of a Green Rooibos Extract Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistant"},{"key":"B131","unstructured":"2021"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioz067","article-title":"Sulforaphane ameliorates high-fat diet-induced spermatogenic deficiency in mice","volume":"101","author":"Mu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2019.06.005","article-title":"Altered endocrine, cytokine signaling and oxidative stress: a plausible reason for differential changes in testicular cells in diet-induced and genetically-inherited \u2013 obesity in adult rats","volume":"19","author":"Deshpande","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Biol."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12610-017-0064-9","article-title":"Paternal obesity: how bad is it for sperm quality and progeny health?","volume":"27","author":"Raad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Basic Clin Androl."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211837","article-title":"Adverse effects of paternal obesity on the motile spermatozoa quality","volume":"14","author":"Raad","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.5487\/TR.2018.34.1.041","article-title":"Highly active antiretroviral therapy alters sperm parameters and testicular antioxidant status in diet-induced obese rats","volume":"34","author":"Oyeyipo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol Res."},{"key":"B137","article-title":"An Investigation of Obesity as an Etiology Of Male Infertility In a Rat Model","author":"Skosana","year":"2021"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-00569","article-title":"Genetically inherited obesity and high-fat diet-induced obesity differentially alter spermatogenesis in adult male rats","volume":"160","author":"Deshpande","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-2458","article-title":"Moderate calorie restriction ameliorates reproduction via attenuating oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through SIRT1 signaling in obese mice","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.6091\/ibj.1398.2015","article-title":"Protective effects of restricted diet and antioxidants on testis tissue in rats fed with high-fat diet","volume":"19","author":"Mohammadi Roushandeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran Biomed J."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9151067","article-title":"Metformin improves fertility in obese males by alleviating oxidative stress-induced blood-testis barrier damage","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-018-0360-5","article-title":"Obesity impairs male fertility through long-term effects on spermatogenesis","volume":"18","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Urol."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2016.08.023","article-title":"Does being overweight affect seminal variables in fertile men?","volume":"33","author":"Taha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000053304","article-title":"Childhood diabetes: a global perspective","author":"Silink","year":"2002","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.11.002","article-title":"Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035","volume":"103","author":"Guariguata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12149","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and abnormalities in semen analysis","volume":"40","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res."},{"key":"B147","first-page":"131","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in male partners of infertile couples","volume":"59","author":"Delfino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Minerva Urol Nefrol."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2007.00849.x","article-title":"Advanced glycation end products accumulate in the reproductive tract of men with diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Mallidis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Androl."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2012.06.004","article-title":"Sperm apoptosis signalling in diabetic men","volume":"25","author":"Roessner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2010.11.001","article-title":"Exacerbation of diabetes-induced testicular apoptosis by zinc deficiency is most likely associated with oxidative stress, p38 MAPK activation, and p53 activation in mice","volume":"200","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advms.2014.03.004","article-title":"Correlation between spermatogenesis disorders and rat testes CYP2E1 mRNA contents under experimental alcoholism or type I diabetes","volume":"59","author":"Shayakhmetova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Med Sci."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2017.12.005","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus- induction: effect of different streptozotocin doses on male reproductive parameters","volume":"120","author":"Omolaoye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Histochem."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S285025","article-title":"The effect of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), Honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia) and Sutherlandia (Lessertia frutescens) on testicular insulin signalling in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in wistar rats","volume":"14","author":"Omolaoye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes Targets Ther."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-776-7_16","article-title":"Oxidative stress and male infertility: a clinical perspective","volume":"14","author":"Tremellen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stud Men's Heal Fertil."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2960","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666160307145931","article-title":"Association of oxidative stress with psychiatric disorders","volume":"22","author":"Hassan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145707008401","article-title":"Oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders: evidence base and therapeutic implications","volume":"11","author":"Ng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X11666131120230309","article-title":"Oxidative stress and psychological disorders","volume":"12","author":"Salim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.07.001","article-title":"Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease","volume":"39","author":"Valko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03907.x","article-title":"Oxidative stress and neurodegeneration: where are we now?","volume":"97","author":"Halliwell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.05.004","article-title":"A review on the oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) pathways in major depression and their possible contribution to the (neuro)degenerative processes in that illness","volume":"35","author":"Maes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog Neuro Psychopharmacology Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2009.05.001","article-title":"Redox dysregulation, neurodevelopment, and schizophrenia","volume":"19","author":"Do","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.013","article-title":"Oxidative stress markers in bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"111","author":"Andreazza","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B163","author":"De Jager TAL","year":"2019","journal-title":"Observing the Effects of Anxiety Levels on Male Reproductive Parameters"},{"key":"B164","first-page":"109","article-title":"Glucocorticoids, stress, and fertility","volume":"35","author":"Whirledge","year":"2010","journal-title":"Minerva Endocrinol."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.01.098","article-title":"Association of state and trait anxiety to semen quality of in vitro fertilization patients: a controlled study","volume":"99","author":"Vellani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(03)00175-9","article-title":"Blunted stress responses in delayed type hypersensitivity in mice lacking the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase","volume":"140","author":"Bilbo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2018.04.002","article-title":"The role of nitric oxide (NO) donors in anxiety. Lights and shadows","volume":"77","author":"Pitsikas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2006000500003","article-title":"Effect of psychological stress on the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway and semen quality","volume":"39","author":"Eskiocak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brazilian J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0132-6","article-title":"Oxidative stress, dysfunctional glucose metabolism and Alzheimer disease","volume":"20","author":"Butterfield","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2009.4","article-title":"Semen analysis in 21st century medicine: the need for sperm function testing","volume":"12","author":"Lamb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.158588","article-title":"Sperm function test","volume":"8","author":"Talwar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"key":"B172","unstructured":"Not just the marriage of figaro: but the marriage of who\/eshre semen analysis criteria with sperm functionality621\n            Van Der HorstG\n            Du PlessisSS\n          Postepy Andrologii Online.42017"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/10520295.2017.1380842","article-title":"Cut-off values for normal sperm morphology and toxicology for automated analysis of rat sperm morphology and morphometry","volume":"93","author":"van der Horst","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biotech Histochem."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Reproductive Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frph.2022.822257\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:11:38Z","timestamp":1645488698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frph.2022.822257\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"references-count":173,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frph.2022.822257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frph.2022.822257","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-3153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-3153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"article-number":"822257"}}