{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:42:39Z","timestamp":1791981759140,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Reprod. Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Menopause, characterized by ovarian function cessation and estrogen decline, affects over a billion women globally, leading to vasomotor symptoms (VMS), genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), mood disturbances, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular risks. Pharmacological management is essential for symptom alleviation and long-term health, yet debates on hormone therapy risks necessitate personalized approaches. This review synthesizes recent advances in menopause pharmacology, evaluating hormonal therapies, non-hormonal alternatives, emerging options, challenges, and future directions. A systematic literature search, following PRISMA guidelines, was conducted via PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science (2015\u20132025) using keywords like \u201cmenopause pharmacological therapy,\u201d \u201chormone replacement risks,\u201d \u201cnon-hormonal VMS treatments,\u201d and \u201covarian aging modulators.\u201d Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full texts, including RCTs, meta-analyses, and expert consensuses focused on efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and mechanisms; exclusions applied to non-English or pre-2015 studies. Hormonal therapies (MHT\/HRT), evolved from WHI trials, effectively reduce VMS by 70%\u201390% and preserve bone density via estrogen receptor modulation, with low-dose transdermal regimens minimizing VTE and breast cancer risks per NAMS\/IMS guidelines. Non-hormonal options like SSRIs\/SNRIs (40%\u201360% efficacy) and NK3R antagonists (fezolinetant, 50%\u201365% VMS reduction) suit contraindicated patients. Emerging therapies, including phytoestrogens, testosterone for libido, and ovarian aging modulators (e.g., AMH analogs), address unmet needs. Special populations (e.g., POI, cancer survivors) require tailored strategies, while challenges include access inequities and long-term data gaps. Advancements underscore precision pharmacology's shift to individualized, non-hormonal treatments. Future priorities: biomarker-guided personalization, AI-driven discovery, and novel delivery systems to enhance efficacy, reduce risks, and improve QoL for menopausal women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frph.2025.1694240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T06:29:42Z","timestamp":1763015382000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Precision pharmacology in menopause: advances, challenges, and future innovations for personalized management"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Zhi-qing","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.08.016","article-title":"Menopause\u2014biology, consequences, supportive care, and therapeutic options","volume":"186","author":"Davis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.3390\/life13030649","article-title":"The current strategy in hormonal and non-hormonal therapies in menopause\u2014a comprehensive review","volume":"13","author":"Pop","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-025-00069-4","article-title":"The new science of menopause: these emerging therapies could change women\u2019s health","volume":"637","author":"Peeples","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S379808","article-title":"A review of hormone and non-hormonal therapy options for the treatment of menopause","volume":"15","author":"Madsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E677","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.221438","article-title":"A pragmatic approach to the management of menopause","volume":"195","author":"Lega","year":"2023","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2023.2258783","article-title":"The 2023 practitioner\u2019s toolkit for managing menopause","volume":"26","author":"Davis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2023.101774","article-title":"New advances in menopause symptom management","volume":"38","author":"Koysombat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3975","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2236","article-title":"Treatment of symptoms of the menopause: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"100","author":"Stuenkel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.15211","article-title":"Update on menopause hormone therapy; current indications and unanswered questions","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061559","article-title":"Rethinking menopausal hormone therapy: for whom, what, when, and how long?","volume":"147","author":"Cho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000002028","article-title":"The 2022 hormone therapy position statement of the north American menopause society","volume":"29","author":"Faubion","year":"2022","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564781","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.564781","article-title":"Risks, benefits, and treatment modalities of menopausal hormone therapy: current concepts","volume":"12","author":"Mehta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.6118\/jmm.20000","article-title":"The 2020 menopausal hormone therapy guidelines","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Menopausal Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.91a.23067","article-title":"Nonhormone therapies for vasomotor symptom management","volume":"91","author":"Moc","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clevel Clin J Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1610","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1610","article-title":"Veozah (fezolinetant): a promising non-hormonal treatment for vasomotor symptoms in menopause","volume":"6","author":"Shaukat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1179\/2047480615Z.000000000329","article-title":"Writing narrative style literature reviews","volume":"24","author":"Ferrari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Writing"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2025.01.005","article-title":"Hallmarks of ovarian aging","volume":"36","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399757","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1399757","article-title":"The role of epigenetics in women\u2019s reproductive health: the impact of environmental factors","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2023.09.013","article-title":"The updated understanding of advanced maternal age","volume":"4","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fund Res"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2024.108130","article-title":"The role of menopausal symptoms on future health and longevity: a systematic scoping review of longitudinal evidence","volume":"190","author":"Andrews","year":"2024","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jorep.2024.100472","article-title":"Decoding osteoporosis: understanding the disease, exploring current and new therapies and emerging targets","volume":"4","author":"Patel","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Orthop Rep"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456796","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1456796","article-title":"Osteoporosis treatment: current drugs and future developments","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.05.016","article-title":"Contributions of the women\u2019s health initiative to cardiovascular research: jACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"80","author":"LaMonte","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01738-y","article-title":"Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2024.100327","article-title":"Effect of soy isoflavones on measures of estrogenicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"16","author":"Viscardi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2024.3135","article-title":"Recent trends in menopausal hormone therapy use in the US: insights, disparities, and implications for practice","author":"Iyer","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.6542","article-title":"The women\u2019s health initiative randomized trials and clinical practice: a review","volume":"331","author":"Manson","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ii8","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpp\/riae058.009","article-title":"Service evaluation: hRT regimens prescribed for complex menopausal patient cases","volume":"32","author":"Spearman","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice"},{"key":"B29","first-page":"21","article-title":"Menopause hormone therapy in 2025","author":"Goldstein","year":"2025","journal-title":"Canadian Prim Care Today"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2025.2457993","article-title":"State of the art in menopause: current best practice approaches from the IMS world congress 2024, Melbourne","volume":"28","author":"Simon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2025.0990","article-title":"Nonhormonal treatment of menopausal vasomotor symptoms","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000002200","article-title":"The 2023 nonhormone therapy position statement of the north American menopause society","volume":"30","author":"Shufelt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2024.09.013","article-title":"Non-hormonal pharmacological interventions for managing vasomotor symptoms-how can we help: 2024 landscape","volume":"302","author":"Pertynska-Marczewska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurox.2025.100366","article-title":"Management of menopausal hot flushes. Recommendations from the Spanish menopause society","volume":"25","author":"Fasero","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X"},{"key":"B35","first-page":"28","article-title":"Managing menopausal symptoms: common questions and answers","volume":"108","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000004589","article-title":"The AUA\/SUFU\/AUGS guideline on genitourinary syndrome of menopause","volume":"214","author":"Kaufman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1177\/17557380231153677","article-title":"Non-hormonal treatments of menopausal symptoms","volume":"16","author":"Jan","year":"2023","journal-title":"InnovAiT"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"lnaf004","DOI":"10.1093\/lifemedi\/lnaf004","article-title":"Exploration of the mechanism and therapy of ovarian aging by targeting cellular senescence","volume":"4","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Life Med"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15020317","article-title":"Phytoestrogens and health effects","volume":"15","author":"Canivenc-Lavier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B40","first-page":"56","article-title":"Combating early menopause: modern medical approaches and natural treatment methods","volume":"1","author":"Boboxonova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Artifi Intellig"},{"key":"B41","first-page":"16324","article-title":"Complementary and nature based treatment for menopausal women-a better approach","volume":"8","author":"Walia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Vol Essent Oil"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.2174\/1574884711308020006","article-title":"The discovery and development of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for clinical practice","volume":"8","author":"Maximov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-024-07522-4","article-title":"A roadmap to reduce the incidence and mortality of breast cancer by rethinking our approach to women\u2019s health","volume":"209","author":"Leggat-Barr","year":"2025","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"B44","article-title":"Menopause (nursing)","author":"Peacock","year":"2023","journal-title":"StatPearls [Internet]"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1177\/2053369120985743","article-title":"The testosterone prescribing practice of BMS menopause specialists","volume":"27","author":"Scott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Post Reprod Health"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-024-01513-6","article-title":"Effect of transdermal testosterone therapy on mood and cognitive symptoms in peri-and postmenopausal women: a pilot study","author":"Glynne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2023.2176217","article-title":"Transgender health and the impact of aging and menopause","volume":"26","author":"Cheung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13819","article-title":"The role of testosterone in menopausal hormone treatment. What is the evidence?","volume":"99","author":"Johansen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2364220","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2024.2364220","article-title":"Systemic testosterone for the treatment of female sexual interest and arousal disorder (FSIAD) in the postmenopause","volume":"40","author":"Ribera Torres","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2022.08.191","article-title":"Surgical menopause and bilateral oophorectomy: effect of estrogen-progesterone and testosterone replacement therapy on psychological well-being and sexual functioning; a systematic literature review","volume":"19","author":"Stuursma","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e-FPS07","DOI":"10.61622\/rbgo\/2024FPS07","article-title":"Challenges of prescribing testosterone for sexual dysfunction in women: number 7\u20132024","volume":"46","author":"Lara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet"},{"key":"B52","first-page":"10","article-title":"Testosterone for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women","author":"Kling","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-017-0977-4","article-title":"Potential therapeutic applications of human anti-m\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) analogues in reproductive medicine","volume":"34","author":"Kushnir","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101784","article-title":"Can ovarian aging be delayed by pharmacological strategies?","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13633","DOI":"10.3389\/jpps.2024.13633","article-title":"A review on lipid and polymeric nano-based 17-\u03b2-estradiol delivery systems: advances and challenges","volume":"27","author":"de Assis Ramos","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharm Sci"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-024-01618-6","article-title":"Locally administered nanosuspension increases delivery of estradiol for the treatment of vaginal atrophy in mice","volume":"15","author":"Shapiro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Deliv Transl Res"},{"key":"B57","article-title":"Neurokinin 3 receptor antagonists for menopausal vasomotor symptoms, an appraisal","volume":"4","author":"Gompel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnae009","article-title":"Consensus statement on vitamin D status assessment and supplementation: whys, whens, and hows","volume":"45","author":"Giustina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.47391\/JPMA.24-27","article-title":"Vitamin D and menopause","volume":"74","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2147\/CPAA.S182927","article-title":"Assessing the effect of omega-3 fatty acid combined with vitamin D3 versus vitamin D3 alone on estradiol levels: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in females with vitamin D deficiency","volume":"11","author":"Al-Shaer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4231","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15194231","article-title":"Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake on vasomotor symptoms, sleep quality and depression in postmenopausal women: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Iqbal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-018-4946-0","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acid use for obese breast cancer patients with aromatase inhibitor-related arthralgia (SWOG S0927)","volume":"172","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.55976\/fnds.22024124666-75","article-title":"Effects of omega-3 and vitamin D supplementation in patients with breast cancer: a systematic review: supplementation and breast cancer patients.","volume":"2","author":"da Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Food Nutr Diet Sci"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"hoae065","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoae065","article-title":"Evidence-based guideline: premature ovarian insufficiency","volume":"2024","author":"Panay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Open"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2116488","article-title":"Primary ovarian insufficiency","volume":"388","author":"Stuenkel","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464803","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1464803","article-title":"Primary ovarian insufficiency: update on clinical and genetic findings","volume":"15","author":"Federici","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1716929","article-title":"Premature ovarian insufficiency: a hormonal treatment approach","volume":"42","author":"Benetti-Pinto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-025-01714-2","article-title":"The risk factors, pathogenesis and treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"B69","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lifestyle management in menopause: a systematic review of women with premature ovarian insufficiency","author":"Yeganeh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4243175","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4243175","article-title":"Nonhormonal hot flash management for breast cancer survivors: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"2020","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.6118\/jmm.23016","article-title":"A recent review of the management of postmenopausal symptoms in breast cancer survivors","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Menopausal Med"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2019.909","article-title":"Non-hormonal strategies for managing menopausal symptoms in cancer survivors: an update","volume":"13","author":"Biglia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecancermedicalscience"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2023.2184253","article-title":"Treating genitourinary syndrome of menopause in breast cancer survivors: main challenges and promising strategies","volume":"26","author":"Castelo-Branco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3267","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16193267","article-title":"Menopausal hormone therapy in breast cancer survivors","volume":"16","author":"Culhane","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2019.05.003","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus in women after menopause","volume":"126","author":"Paschou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2023.2184252","article-title":"Menopause and diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Cerdas P\u00e9rez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000002595","article-title":"Treating obesity to optimize women\u2019s health outcomes","volume":"32","author":"Rubino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2024.2374760","article-title":"Management of obesity in menopause","volume":"27","author":"Palacios","year":"2024","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001792","article-title":"Weight regulation in menopause","volume":"28","author":"Knight","year":"2021","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"B80","first-page":"565","article-title":"Obesity in perimenopause\u2014current treatment options based on pathogenetic factors","volume":"74","author":"Porada","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endokrynol Pol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2024.108021","article-title":"Disparities in menopausal care in the United States: a systematic review","volume":"186","author":"Zahn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39S","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000825816.61927.41","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in menopausal hormone therapy acceptance [A134]","volume":"139","author":"Pershad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coemr.2022.100389","article-title":"Key factors in menopause health disparities and inequities: beyond race and ethnicity","volume":"26","author":"Cort\u00e9s","year":"2022","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2022.2160317","article-title":"CYP2D6 Pharmacogenetics and phenoconversion in personalized medicine","volume":"18","author":"Nahid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70957\/uqu.edu.sa\/s.toxicology.s\/stj.2024.1.9","article-title":"Pharmacogenomics implications of tamoxifen in breast cancer treatment: clinical relevance and future directions","author":"Elhaj","year":"2025","journal-title":"Saudi Toxicol J"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.3390\/futurepharmacol4030030","article-title":"Beyond one-size-fits-all: personalized medicine and future directions in sex-based psychopharmacological treatment","volume":"4","author":"Mazza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Future Pharmacol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2024.2394950","article-title":"Menopause and MHT in 2024: addressing the key controversies\u2013an international menopause society white paper","volume":"5","author":"Panay","year":"2024","journal-title":"South Afr Genl Pract"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2024.3128","article-title":"Menopausal hormone therapy use among postmenopausal women","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S430203","article-title":"Barriers to accessing effective treatment and support for menopausal symptoms: a qualitative study capturing the behaviours, beliefs and experiences of key stakeholders","author":"Barber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2024.2394950","article-title":"contemporary menopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease: swedish nationwide register based emulated target trial","volume":"387","author":"Johansson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"B91","article-title":"A comprehensive literature review of barriers to hormone therapy utilization: strategies for improving menopause management in women aged 40\u201360","author":"Lee","year":"2025"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.352732.125","article-title":"Studying ovarian aging and its health impacts: modern tools and approaches","volume":"39","author":"Benayoun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-01699-8","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-derived retinal age gap as a marker for reproductive aging in women","volume":"8","author":"Miao","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9828","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24129828","article-title":"Metabolic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for prevention of ovarian aging: data from up-to-date experimental studies","volume":"24","author":"Valtetsiotis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1448","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad209","article-title":"Neurokinin receptor antagonist, fezolinetant, for treatment of menopausal vasomotor symptoms","volume":"108","author":"Pinkerton","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-019-00087-x","article-title":"Effect of caloric restriction and rapamycin on ovarian aging in mice","volume":"41","author":"Garcia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3109\/13697137.2015.1129166","article-title":"2016 IMS recommendations on women\u2019s midlife health and menopause hormone therapy","volume":"19","author":"Baber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2020.1825668","article-title":"Compounded bioidentical menopausal hormone therapy\u2013a physician perspective","volume":"24","author":"Stuenkel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"B99","first-page":"359","article-title":"Non-hormonal treatments for menopausal symptoms","author":"Hickey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/87551225231198700","article-title":"Fezolinetant: a new nonhormonal treatment for vasomotor symptoms","volume":"39","author":"Onge","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pharm Technol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Reproductive Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frph.2025.1694240\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T06:29:45Z","timestamp":1763015385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frph.2025.1694240\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"references-count":100,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frph.2025.1694240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frph.2025.1694240","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-3153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-3153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"article-number":"1694240"}}