{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T06:14:22Z","timestamp":1771481662174,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Reprod. Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed US women's preferences to inform development of a novel nonhormonal multipurpose prevention technology (MPT)\u2014a vaginal ring to prevent pregnancy, HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and bacterial vaginosis (BV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In cross-sectional online surveys with US women ages 18\u201349 currently\/interested in using contraception, we conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) comprising 7 MPT ring attributes. Mixed multinomial logit models examined relative attribute importance and sub-population preferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 2,105 survey completers (mean age 31) from all 50 states (Dec 2023 to Jan 2024), 53% were married\/cohabiting, 57% had \u22651 child, 43% ever had an unintended pregnancy, and 9% had an STI in the past year. Participants valued effectiveness for contraception about twice as much as for HIV prevention and about 3 times that of STI prevention. Younger women (18\u201329 vs. 30\u201349) desired higher pregnancy and HIV prevention effectiveness. Women who were worried about HIV valued effectiveness for HIV and pregnancy similarly. While most women valued BV prevention and no menstrual side effects, a nonhormonal formulation mattered only to women averse to hormonal contraception (61%) and on-demand use (vs. continuous-use only) was not preferred. Women were willing to trade off some pregnancy prevention effectiveness for other desired attributes. Overall, 73% reported being likely\/very likely to use a nonhormonal MPT ring at moderate protection levels (80% pregnancy, 50% HIV\/STIs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interest in an MPT ring was strong, even with conservative effectiveness estimates. Preferences and desired levels of prevention effectiveness and nonhormonal options were shaped by contraceptive history and personal context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/frph.2026.1722593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T05:23:31Z","timestamp":1771478611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multipurpose vaginal rings: preferences from a national discrete choice experiment survey among US women"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ann","family":"Gottert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Council","place":["Washington, DC, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanyukta","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Council","place":["Washington, DC, United States"]},{"name":"Population Council Center for Biomedical Research","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Friedland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Council Center for Biomedical Research","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Abuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Consultant","place":["Nairobi, Kenya"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene V.","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Council Center for Biomedical Research","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brady","family":"Burnett-Zieman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Council Center for Biomedical Research","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marlena G.","family":"Plagianos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Council Center for Biomedical Research","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shakti","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University","place":["Atlanta, GA, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University","place":["Atlanta, GA, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Sales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University","place":["Atlanta, GA, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Quaife","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidera","place":["London, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa B.","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Council Center for Biomedical Research","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","year":"2022"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1506575","article-title":"Declines in unintended pregnancy in the United States, 2008\u20132011","volume":"374","author":"Finer","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"251","volume-title":"The Social and Economic Benefits of Women\u2019s Ability to Determine Whether and When to Have Children","author":"Sonfield","year":"2013"},{"key":"B4","author":"Ali","year":""},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"2024 Global AIDS Report\u2014the Urgency of Now: AIDS at a Crossroads","year":"2024"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158528","DOI":"10.3389\/frph.2023.1158528","article-title":"Commentary: multipurpose prevention technologies\u2014what about sexually transmitted infections?","volume":"5","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Reproduct Health"},{"key":"B7","volume-title":"Global Health Sector Strategies on, Respectively, HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections for the Period 2022\u20132030. 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